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We harmonized measures of longitudinal patterns of social isolation and loneliness (never\/transient\/persistent), episodic memory (word recalls), and working memory (backward digit span and serial 7\u2019s) across datasets. We estimated growth curve models to assess prospective associations of social isolation and loneliness with subsequent memory trajectories from adolescence to old adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found strong detrimental effects of social isolation in both young and older adulthood and loneliness in older adulthood on memory function. Longer (particularly persistent) exposures to isolation and loneliness predicted poorer memory test scores. These effects were attenuated but largely remained significant after adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and health risk factors. Social isolation and loneliness show weaker and less consistent associations with the rate of memory decline across the life course samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comparative life course research helped to elucidate the complex relationship between social disconnection and memory change and inform the timing and duration of cognitive impacts of objective and subjective social disconnection. Interventions to promote healthy aging should focus on reducing the chronicity of isolation starting early in life and feelings of loneliness in later life. Future research should include additional longitudinal data to further investigate links between cognition, social disconnection, and underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbag137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T11:26:42Z","timestamp":1783942002000},"page":"S155-S166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Social disconnection and cognitive aging across the life course: coordinated longitudinal analysis of three national cohort studies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7132-1843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang Claire","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlin","family":"Shartle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison E","family":"Aiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert N. 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