{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T10:19:52Z","timestamp":1773829192385,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CGL2016-75255-C2-1-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL2016-75255-C2-1-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019-103947GB-C22\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-103947GB-C22\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["852725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["852725"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Venoms are deadly weapons to subdue prey or deter predators that have evolved independently in many animal lineages. The genomes of venomous animals are essential to understand the evolutionary mechanisms involved in the origin and diversification of venoms.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Here, we report the chromosome-level genome of the venomous Mediterranean cone snail, Lautoconus ventricosus (Caenogastropoda: Conidae). The total size of the assembly is 3.59 Gb; it has high contiguity (N50 = 93.53 Mb) and 86.6 Mb of the genome assembled into the 35 largest scaffolds or pseudochromosomes. On the basis of venom gland transcriptomes, we annotated 262 complete genes encoding conotoxin precursors, hormones, and other venom-related proteins. These genes were scattered in the different pseudochromosomes and located within repetitive regions. The genes encoding conotoxin precursors were normally structured into 3 exons, which did not necessarily coincide with the 3 structural domains of the corresponding proteins. Additionally, we found evidence in the L. ventricosus genome for a past whole-genome duplication event by means of conserved gene synteny with the Pomacea canaliculata genome, the only one available at the chromosome level within Caenogastropoda. The whole-genome duplication event was further confirmed by the presence of a duplicated hox gene cluster. Key genes for gastropod biology including those encoding proteins related to development, shell formation, and sex were located in the genome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The new high-quality L. ventricosus genome should become a reference for assembling and analyzing new gastropod genomes and will contribute to future evolutionary genomic studies among venomous animals.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giab037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T13:17:09Z","timestamp":1622035029000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["The genome of the venomous snail <i>Lautoconus ventricosus<\/i> sheds light on the origin of conotoxin diversity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7139-3153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n","family":"Pardos-Blas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biolog\u00eda Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC) , Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid,","place":["Spain"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3628-1137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iker","family":"Irisarri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biolog\u00eda Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC) , Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen , Goldschmidtstr. 1, D-37077 Goettingen,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS) , Goettingen, Wilhelmsplatz 1, D-37073,","place":["Germany"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7790-0603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Abalde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biolog\u00eda Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC) , Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History , Frescativ\u00e4gen 40, 11418 Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7827-7806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos M L","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve , Campus de Gambelas, 8005\u2013139 Faro,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4088-4958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel J","family":"Tenorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento CMIM y Q. Inorg\u00e1nica-INBIO, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cadiz , 11510 Puerto Real, C\u00e1diz,","place":["Spain"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6212-9502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Zardoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biolog\u00eda Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC) , Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid,","place":["Spain"]}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024111607040241800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/978-2-88963-712-6","volume-title":"Diversity and Evolution of Animal Venoms: Neglected Targets, Ecological Interactions, Future Perspectives","author":"Dutertre","year":"2020"},{"key":"2024111607040241800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau7761","article-title":"Venoms to the 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