{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T09:05:30Z","timestamp":1768208730393,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Study Group of Inflammatory Bowel Disease"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been increasing worldwide, causing high impact on the quality of life of patients and an increasing burden for health care systems. In this systematic review, we reviewed the literature concerning the direct costs of Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) for health care systems from different perspectives: regional, economic, and temporal.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We searched for original real-world studies examining direct medical health care costs in Crohn\u2019s disease. The primary outcome measure was the mean value per patient per year (PPY) of total direct health care costs for CD. Secondary outcomes comprised hospitalization, surgery, CD-related medication (including biologics), and biologics mean costs PPY.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 19 articles were selected for inclusion in the systematic review. The studies enrolled 179\u00a0056 CD patients in the period between 1997 and 2016. The pooled mean total cost PPY was \u20ac6295.28 (95% CI, \u20ac4660.55-\u20ac8503.41). The pooled mean hospitalization cost PPY for CD patients was \u20ac2004.83 (95% CI, \u20ac1351.68-\u20ac2973.59). The major contributors for the total health expenditure were biologics (\u20ac5554.58) and medications (\u20ac3096.53), followed by hospitalization (\u20ac2004.83) and surgery (\u20ac1883.67). No differences were found between regional or economic perspectives, as confidence intervals overlapped. However, total costs were significantly higher after 2010.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our review highlighted the burden of CD for health care systems from different perspectives (regional, economic, and temporal) and analyzed the impact of the change of IBD treatment paradigm on total costs. Reducing the overall burden can depend on the increase of remission rates to further decrease hospitalizations and surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izab334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T13:03:35Z","timestamp":1645189415000},"page":"1527-1536","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Magnitude of Crohn\u2019s Disease Direct Costs in Health Care Systems (from Different Perspectives): A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Mafalda","family":"Santiago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Portuguese Inflammatory Bowel Disease Study Group (GEDII) , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Camila","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) , Porto , 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