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A data-driven approach was developed to provide management options for the protection of VMEs under the European Union \u201cdeep-sea access regulations.\u201d A total of two options within two scenarios were developed. The first scenario defined VME closure areas without consideration of fishing activity. Option 1 proposed closures for the protection of VME habitats and likely habitat, while Option 2 also included areas where four types of VME geophysical elements were present. The second scenario additionally considered fishing. This scenario used VME biomass\u2014fishing intensity relationships to identify a threshold where effort of mobile bottom-contact gears was low and unlikely to have caused significant adverse impacts. Achieving a high level of VME protection requires the creation of many closures (&amp;gt; 100), made up of many small (\u223c50 km2) and fewer larger closures (&amp;gt; 1000 km2). The greatest protection of VMEs will affect approximately 9% of the mobile fleet fishing effort, while closure scenarios that avoid highly fished areas reduce this to around 4\u20136%. The framework allows managers to choose the level of risk-aversion they wish to apply in protecting VMEs by comparing alternative strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsab237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T20:59:20Z","timestamp":1636577960000},"page":"34-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A policy-based framework for the determination of management options to protect vulnerable marine ecosystems under the EU deep-sea access regulations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6351-0241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P Dani\u00ebl","family":"van\u00a0Denderen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, H. 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