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In many zooplankton groups, identification issues arise from cryptic species complexes, increasingly revealed by molecular approaches, and from groups with high morphological similarity. These challenges can lead to substantial uncertainties in species-level identification, questioning whether the expected species are truly covered and whether those sharing names across ecosystems are indeed distinct entities. This review provides a condensed overview on identification challenges of key species in the ICES zooplankton time series from the North Atlantic and adjacent seas. Examples are given across all relevant groups, including copepods, gelatinous plankton, and meroplanktonic larvae. The high prevalence of challenging species complexes underscores the need to further explore the implications of an accurate species assignment for understanding what defines a species\u2019 role in an ecosystem. This review highlights the dynamic nature of taxonomy, with species being split and cryptic species eventually becoming morphologically distinguishable. It provides examples showing that relying solely on molecular methods without deep taxonomic expertise poses significant risks. It also aims to serve as a starting point for delving deeper into the taxonomy of the ICES zooplankton time series.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsaf077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T14:15:02Z","timestamp":1751033702000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Taxonomic uncertainty in North Atlantic and Mediterranean zooplankton limits species-level monitoring accuracy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0941-8257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janna","family":"Peters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research, Senckenberg am Meer , Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3353-6090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aitor","family":"Albaina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU) Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, , BarrioSarriena s\/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia ,","place":["Spain"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0658-7183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leocadio","family":"Blanco-Bercial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), Arizona State University , 17 Biological Station, St Georges GE 01 ,","place":["Bermuda"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3750-9348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann","family":"Bucklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut Department of Marine Sciences, , 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340 ,","place":["United States of America"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2959-8977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iole","family":"Di\u00a0Capua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn , Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}]},{"given":"Antonina","family":"Dos\u00a0Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA) , Av. 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