{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:39:52Z","timestamp":1767706792536,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000192","name":"NOAA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Marine heatwaves are periods of anomalously warm ocean temperatures that can substantially impact marine ecosystems. These events can lead to changes in trophic interactions, food webs, and ecosystem structure, even after they have subsided. In this study, we described changes in swordfish (Xiphias gladius) foraging ecology in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME) over a period of rapid oceanographic and ecosystem change. We used 17 years of data (2007\u201323) to examine how swordfish diet composition varied through time in the CCLME before, during, and after the severe marine heatwave of 2014\u201316. Stomachs were collected by fishery observers aboard commercial vessels using drift gillnet and deep-set buoy gear. Prey were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible and diet composition was analysed using univariate and multivariate methods. Our results showed a shift in diets occurred from cephalopods to epipelagic teleosts in 2014\u201316. While jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) was the most important prey during the early years of the study, Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) and northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) dominated the diets in more recent years. The diet shifted towards teleosts in 2014\u201316 coincided with warm sea surface temperature anomalies, stronger stratification and shallower isothermal layer depths, negative North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, and higher anchovy biomass in the study region. Overall, swordfish diets appeared to integrate prey availability, environmental forcing, and spatiotemporal patterns in the CCLME. Our results showed that swordfish are generalist and opportunistic predators that have many characteristics of useful \u2018ecosystem sentinels\u2019 such as conspicuousness, sensitivity to ecosystem processes, and timely response to ecosystem shifts. Our findings can inform ongoing ecosystem monitoring efforts in the CCLME, as well as the development of ecosystem models. We also provide a unique perspective on how marine heatwaves may impact trophic connections and marine ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsaf139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T11:36:53Z","timestamp":1753789013000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Foraging ecology of swordfish in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem during an ecosystem regime shift"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3723-9491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Preti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, CA 95060 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Fisheries Resources Division , La Jolla, CA 92037 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Barbara A","family":"Muhling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, CA 95060 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Fisheries Resources Division , La Jolla, CA 92037 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Gerard T","family":"DiNardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SCS Global Services , Emeryville, CA 94608 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Graham J","family":"Pierce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC) , Vigo, 36208 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ ,","place":["Uinted Kingdom"]}]},{"given":"Kady","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Aquarium , Research and Conservation Department,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Stephen M","family":"Stohs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Fisheries Resources Division , La Jolla, CA 92037 ,","place":["United States"]}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3354\/meps09583","article-title":"Modeling swordfish daytime vertical habitat in the North Pacific Ocean from pop-up archival tags","volume":"452","author":"Abecassis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3354\/meps137001","article-title":"Variation in the diet of Cassin's auklet reveals spatial, seasonal, and decadal occurrence patterns of euphausiids off California, USA","volume":"137","author":"Ainley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"article-title":"rsoi: import various Northern and Southern Hemisphere climate indices","year":"2023","author":"Albers","key":"2025120801213856300_bib3"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib4","first-page":"32","article-title":"Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance","volume":"26","author":"Anderson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Department\u00a0of\u00a0Statistics,\u00a0University\u00a0of\u00a0Auckland"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib5","first-page":"385","article-title":"A generalised index for stomach contents analysis in fish","volume":"60","author":"Assis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sci Mar"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/b19708","volume-title":"Spatial Point Patterns: Methodology and Applications with R","author":"Baddeley","year":"2015"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144181","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1144181","article-title":"A new era for science-industry research collaboration\u2013a view towards the future","volume":"10","author":"Baker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3354\/meps329267","article-title":"Ocean climate and prey availability affect the trophic level and reproductive success of the marbled murrelet, an endangered seabird","volume":"329","author":"Becker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195000","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1195000","article-title":"Trophic guilds of marine predators in the California current large marine ecosystem","volume":"10","author":"Bizzarro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci."},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib10","first-page":"513","author":"Bowen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Quantitative description of the diet"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2306357120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2306357120","article-title":"Linking vertical movements of large pelagic predators with distribution patterns of biomass in the open ocean","volume-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","author":"Braun","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10641-011-9959-z","article-title":"Breaking with tradition: redefining measures for diet description with a case study of the Aleutian skate Bathyraja aleutica (Gilbert 1896)","volume":"95","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Biol Fishes"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.2137","article-title":"Management adaptation of invertebrate fisheries to an extreme marine heat wave event at a global warming hot spot","volume":"6","author":"Caputi","year":"2016"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib14","first-page":"277","article-title":"Daily patterns in the activities of swordfish, Xiphias gladius, observed by acoustic telemetry","volume":"79","author":"Carey","year":"1981","journal-title":"Fish Bull"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2009.07.028","article-title":"Patterns and processes in the California current system","volume":"83","author":"Checkley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog Oceanogr"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib16","first-page":"1095","article-title":"Large-scale interannual physical and biological interaction in the California current","volume":"40","author":"Chelton","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Mar Res"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3354\/meps12761","article-title":"Individual foraging location, but not dietary, specialization: implications for rhinoceros auklets as samplers of forage fish","volume":"605","author":"Cunningham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib18","first-page":"489","article-title":"Sexual maturity, sex ratio, and size composition of swordfish, Xiphias gladius, caught by the Hawaii-based pelagic longline fishery","volume":"98","author":"DeMartini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fish Bull"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2419.2011.00581.x","article-title":"Movements and behaviors of swordfish in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans examined using pop-up satellite archival tags","volume":"20","author":"Dewar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fish Oceanogr"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GL032838","article-title":"North Pacific Gyre oscillation links ocean climate and ecosystem change","volume":"35","author":"Di\u00a0Lorenzo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geophys Res Lett"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20222326","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2022.2326","article-title":"An anchovy ecosystem indicator of marine predator foraging and reproduction","volume":"290","author":"Fennie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib22","first-page":"131","article-title":"Range expansion and trophic interactions of the jumbo squid, Dosidicus gigas, in the California Current","volume":"48","author":"Field","year":"2007","journal-title":"Calif Coop Ocean Fish Investig Rep"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520315655","volume-title":"Marine Food and Game Fishes of California","author":"Fitch","year":"1971"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13171","article-title":"Humpback whale diets respond to variance in ocean climate and ecosystem conditions in the California Current","volume":"22","author":"Fleming","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob Chang Biol"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1111\/faf.12753","article-title":"Impact of the 2014\u20132016 marine heatwave on US and Canada West Coast fisheries: surprises and lessons from key case studies","volume":"24","author":"Free","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fish Fish"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib26","article-title":"California's living marine resources and their utilization","volume":"148","author":"Frey","year":"1971","journal-title":"Calif Dep Fish Game"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1139\/cjfas-2023-0093","article-title":"Assessing small pelagic fish trends in space and time using piscivore stomach contents","volume":"81","author":"Gaichas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1002\/2016GL071039","article-title":"Satellite sea surface temperatures along the West Coast of the United States during the 2014\u20132016 northeast Pacific marine heat wave","volume":"44","author":"Gentemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geophys Res Lett"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46263-2","article-title":"Marine heatwaves disrupt ecosystem structure and function via altered food webs and energy flux","volume":"15","author":"Gomes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0280366","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280366","article-title":"An updated end-to-end ecosystem model of the Northern California Current reflecting ecosystem changes due to recent marine heatwaves","volume":"19","author":"Gomes","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib31","first-page":"1594","article-title":"Stomach contents analysis of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) caught off southern Brazil: a Bayesian analysis","volume":"68","author":"Gorni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Collect Vol Sci Pap ICCAT"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib32","first-page":"246","article-title":"Status of the Pacific Hake (whiting) stock in U.S. and Canadian waters in 2024","author":"Grandin","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/egusphere-2024-3696","volume-title":"Marine Heatwaves Deeply Alter Marine Food Web Structure and Function","author":"Guibourd\u00a0de\u00a0Luzinais","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3354\/meps14389","article-title":"Using predator diets to infer forage fish distribution and assess responses to climate variability in the eastern Bering Sea","volume":"741","author":"Gunther","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1002\/fee.2125","article-title":"Marine top predators as climate and ecosystem sentinels","volume":"17","author":"Hazen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Ecol Environ"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fsae177","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsae177","article-title":"Long-term population trend of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) in the California Current system","volume":"82","author":"Hinchliffe","year":"2025","journal-title":"ICES J Mar Sci"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2015.12.014","article-title":"A hierarchical approach to defining marine heatwaves","volume":"141","author":"Hobday","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Oceanogr"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1086\/282436","article-title":"Measurement of \u201coverlap\u201d in comparative ecological studies","volume":"100","author":"Horn","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2014.08.012","article-title":"A shallow-diving seabird predator as an indicator of prey availability in southern California waters: a longitudinal study","volume":"146","author":"Horn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Mar Syst"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0000014","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pclm.0000014","article-title":"Tracking and forecasting community responses to climate perturbations in the California Current Ecosystem","volume":"1","author":"Hunsicker","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS Clim"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1980.tb02775.x","article-title":"Stomach contents analysis\u2014A review of methods and their application","volume":"17","author":"Hyslop","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Fish Biol"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsae129","article-title":"Vertical distribution of mesopelagic fishes deepens during marine heatwave in the California Current","volume":"81","author":"Iglesias","year":"2024","journal-title":"ICES J Mar Sci"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2007.01748.x","article-title":"Universal primer cocktails for fish DNA barcoding","volume":"7","author":"Ivanova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Notes"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsz048","article-title":"Accounting for shifting distributions and changing productivity in the development of scientific advice for fishery management","volume":"76","author":"Karp","year":"2019","journal-title":"ICES J Mar Sci"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0225552","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225552","article-title":"Diet and feeding strategy of Northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scombrus scomber) in Icelandic waters","volume":"14","author":"Kvaavik","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"volume-title":"Lunar: Lunar Phase & Distance, Seasons and Other Environmental Factors (version 0.2-01)","year":"2022","author":"Lazaridis","key":"2025120801213856300_bib46"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25923\/vxen-pf76","article-title":"2023\u20132024 California Current Ecosystem Report","author":"Leising","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70021","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70021","article-title":"Climate change influences via species distribution shifts and century-scale warming in an end-to-end California current ecosystem model","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Glob Chang Biol"},{"article-title":"Photographic Catalog of California Marine Fish Otoliths: Prey of California Sea Lions (Z alophus californianus)","year":"2011","author":"Lowry","key":"2025120801213856300_bib49"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3354\/meps14096","article-title":"Spatio-temporal diet variability of the California sea lion Zalophus californianus in the southern California Current Ecosystem","volume":"692","author":"Lowry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1353\/psc.2005.0011","article-title":"Cephalopods in the diet of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) caught off the West coast of Baja California","volume":"59","author":"Markaida","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mexico Pacific Sci"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib52","first-page":"245","article-title":"Food and feeding habits of swordfish, Xiphias gladius L., off western Baja California, biology and fisheries of swordfish, Xiphias gladius","author":"Markaida","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2011.02.004","article-title":"Practical variable selection for generalized additive models","volume":"55","author":"Marra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput Stat Data Anal"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2001)082[0290:FMMTCD]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Fitting multivariate models to community data: a comment on distance-based redundancy analysis","volume":"82","author":"McArdle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib55","first-page":"99","article-title":"Trophic structure and the cesium-potassium ratio in pelagic ecosystems","volume":"22","author":"Mearns","year":"1981","journal-title":"CalCOFI Rep"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib56","first-page":"140","article-title":"California sea lions: an indicator for integrated ecosystem assessment of the California Current System","volume":"53","author":"Melin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Calif Coop Ocean Fish Investig Rep."},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2015.11.012","article-title":"An historical analysis of the California Current circulation using ROMS 4D-Var: system configuration and diagnostics","volume-title":"Ocean Model","author":"Neveu","year":"2016"},{"volume-title":"NOAA Coral Reef Watch Version 3.1 Daily 5 Km Satellite Regional Virtual Station Time Series Data for Southeast Florida, Mar. 12, 2013-Mar. 11, 2014","year":"2019.","author":"NOAA Coral Reef Watch","key":"2025120801213856300_bib58"},{"article-title":"Vegan Community Ecology Package Version 2.6-2 April 2022","year":"2022.","author":"Oksanen","key":"2025120801213856300_bib59"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib60","article-title":"Synopsis of the biology of the swordfish, Xiphias gladius Linnaeus","author":"Palko","year":"1981","journal-title":"FAO\u00a0fisheries\u00a0synopsis;\u00a0no.\u00a0127;\u00a0NOAA\u00a0Technical\u00a0Report\u00a0NMFS\u00a0CIRC\u00a0441"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib61","first-page":"409","article-title":"A review of methods for diet analysis in piscivorous marine mammals","volume":"29","author":"Pierce","year":"1991","journal-title":"Oceanogr Mar Biol"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib62","article-title":"Fish Bulletin 152. Food habits of Albacore, bluefin tuna, and Bonito in California Waters","author":"Pinkas","year":"1970","journal-title":"UC San Diego Library \u2013 Scripps Digital Collection"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.70032","article-title":"Resource partitioning among pelagic predators remains stable despite annual variability in diet composition","volume":"94","author":"Portner","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Anim Ecol"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10641-012-9980-x","article-title":"Comparative feeding ecology of shortfin mako, blue and thresher sharks in the California Current","volume":"95","author":"Preti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Env Biol Fishes"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0258011","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258011","article-title":"Feeding ecology of broadbill swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the California current","volume":"18","author":"Preti","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2024","author":"R Core Team","key":"2025120801213856300_bib66"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e66213","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066213","article-title":"A DNA-based registry for all animal species: the Barcode Index Number (BIN) system","volume":"8","author":"Ratnasingham","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.7755\/MFR.76.4.2","article-title":"Development and trial of deep-set buoy gear for Swordfish, Xiphias gladius, in the Southern California Bight","volume":"76","author":"Sepulveda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar Fish Rev"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2419.2010.00543.x","article-title":"Fine-scale movements of the swordfish Xiphias gladius in the southern California Bight","volume":"19","author":"Sepulveda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fish Oceanogr"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/fog.12461","article-title":"Insights into the horizontal movements, migration patterns, and stock affiliation of California swordfish","volume":"29","author":"Sepulveda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fish Oceanogr"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.gratia","article-title":"_gratia: graceful ggplot-based graphics and other functions for GAMs fitted using mgcv_","author":"Simpson","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-019-0412-1","article-title":"Marine heatwaves threaten global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services","volume":"9","author":"Smale","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Clim Chang"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5634","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16862","article-title":"A marine protected area network does not confer community structure resilience to a marine heatwave across coastal ecosystems","volume":"29","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob Chang Biol"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12502","article-title":"Combined climate- and prey-mediated range expansion of Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas), a large marine predator in the California Current System","volume":"20","author":"Stewart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob Chang Biol"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3354\/meps022239","article-title":"Food and feeding ecology of the swordfish Xiphias gladius in the western North Atlantic Ocean with estimates of daily ration","volume":"22","author":"Stillwell","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsx163","article-title":"Free-swimming swordfish, Xiphias gladius, alter the rate of whole body heat transfer: morphological and physiological specializations for thermoregulation","volume":"75","author":"Stoehr","year":"2018","journal-title":"ICES J Mar Sci"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83818-5","article-title":"Ecosystem response persists after a prolonged marine heatwave","volume-title":"Sci Rep","author":"Suryan","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2015.07.003","article-title":"Forage species in predator diets: synthesis of data from the California Current","volume":"29","author":"Szoboszlai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecol Inform"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib79","first-page":"1","article-title":"State of the California current 2018\u201319: a novel anchovy regime and a new marine heat wave?","volume":"60","author":"Thompson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Calif Coop Ocean Fish Investig Rep"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16010","article-title":"Putting the Pacific marine heatwave into perspective: the response of larval fish off southern California to unprecedented warming in 2014\u20132016 relative to the previous 65 years","volume":"28","author":"Thompson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glob Chang Biol"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294011\u00a0","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2024.1294011","article-title":"State of the California Current Ecosystem report in 2022: a tale of two La Ni\u00f1as","volume":"11","author":"Thompson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315414001842","article-title":"Food sources of common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) based on stomach content and stable isotopes analyses","volume":"95","author":"Tripp-Valdez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Mar Biol Assoc UK"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib83","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Length-Weight Interrelationships for Swordfish, Xiphias gladius L., Caught in the Central North Pacific","author":"Uchiyama","year":"1999"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-2979.2000.00026.x","article-title":"Broadbill swordfish: status of established fisheries and lessons for developing fisheries","volume":"1","author":"Ward","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fish Fish"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709454","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2021.709454","article-title":"State of the California current 2019\u20132020: back to the future with marine heatwaves?","volume-title":"Front Mar Sci","author":"Weber","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib86","first-page":"357","article-title":"A beak key for eight eastern tropical Pacific cephalopod species with relationships between their beak dimensions and size","volume":"80","author":"Wolff","year":"1982","journal-title":"Fish Bull"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2010.00749.x","article-title":"Fast stable restricted maximum likelihood and marginal likelihood estimation of semiparametric generalized linear models","volume":"73","author":"Wood","year":"2011","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B Stat Methodol"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315370279","volume-title":"Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R","author":"Wood","year":"2017","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2014.05.015","article-title":"The trophodynamics of marine top predators: current knowledge, recent advances and challenges","volume":"113","author":"Young","year":"2015","journal-title":"Deep Sea Res Part II Top Stud Oceanogr"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/s12237-020-00762-9","article-title":"Food web fuel differs across habitats and seasons of a tidal freshwater estuary","volume":"44","author":"Young","year":"2021","journal-title":"Estuaries Coasts"},{"key":"2025120801213856300_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1002\/2015GL067550","article-title":"The 2014\u20132015 warming anomaly in the Southern California Current System observed by underwater gliders","volume":"43","author":"Zaba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geophys Res Lett"}],"container-title":["ICES Journal of Marine Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/icesjms\/article-pdf\/82\/8\/fsaf139\/64062265\/fsaf139.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/icesjms\/article-pdf\/82\/8\/fsaf139\/64062265\/fsaf139.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T06:21:48Z","timestamp":1765174908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/icesjms\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/icesjms\/fsaf139\/8236361"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Lucia","family":"Lopez-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/icesjms\/fsaf139","relation":{},"ISSN":["1054-3139","1095-9289"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1054-3139"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1095-9289"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"article-number":"fsaf139"}}