{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T10:20:32Z","timestamp":1762251632341},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cola\u00e7o, A., Bettencourt, R., Costa, V., Lino, S., Lopes, H., Martins, I., Pires, L., Prieto, C., and Serr\u00e3o Santos, R. 2011. LabHorta: a controlled aquarium system for monitoring physiological characteristics of the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. \u2013 ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 349\u2013356. LabHorta is a facility composed of laboratories and retrievable deep-sea cages created to support and expand the capabilities of research cruises. It also enhances the ability to conduct experimental studies with organisms from deep-sea hydrothermal vents and other deep-sea environments, while keeping them under controlled conditions of pressure and water chemistry. This paper presents a case study with the vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus (which harbours a dual symbiosis) collected at the Menez Gwen hydrothermal vent field at 840-m depth, transported to experimental aquaria at atmospheric pressure and maintained under four different controlled experimental conditions to study their comparative condition index (CI). Environmental parameters were monitored daily and efforts were made to keep these constant. During the first few months, there were differences between the CI scores of mussels kept under the various conditions. After 6 months, the differences are not so clear but mussels still had sulphur-oxidizing bacteria when fed with sulphide. The methane oxidizer bacteria disappear even in the presence of methane. A range of CI scores appeared as a function of the culture type. The LabHorta facility is a good tool for performing long-term physiological studies of deep-sea organisms, simulating possible changes in the natural environmental where they normally thrive.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsq120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,17]],"date-time":"2010-08-17T03:45:16Z","timestamp":1282016716000},"page":"349-356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["LabHorta: a controlled aquarium system for monitoring physiological characteristics of the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Cola\u00e7o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IMAR and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries of the University of the Azores, Horta, Azores 9001-382, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Bettencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMAR and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries of the University of the Azores, Horta, Azores 9001-382, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMAR and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries of the University of the Azores, Horta, Azores 9001-382, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Lino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMAR and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries of the University of the Azores, Horta, Azores 9001-382, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Humberto","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMAR and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries of the University of the Azores, Horta, Azores 9001-382, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMAR and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries of the University of the Azores, Horta, Azores 9001-382, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMAR and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries of the University of the Azores, Horta, Azores 9001-382, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMAR and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries of the University of the Azores, Horta, Azores 9001-382, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Serr\u00e3o Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMAR and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries of the University of the Azores, Horta, Azores 9001-382, Portugal"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2008.02.020","article-title":"Changes in gill tissues of the vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus held for 6 months in aquaria at atmospheric pressure","volume":"150","author":"Bettencourt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C2","first-page":"155","article-title":"Cycle sexuel et \u00e9volution des r\u00e9serves chez Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk. (Moll. Bivalve). Rapports et Proc\u00e8s-Verbaux des R\u00e9unions du","volume":"18","author":"Boucart","year":"1965","journal-title":"Conseil Permanent International pour l'Exploration de la Mer"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1969.14.3.0454","article-title":"Spectrophotometric determinations of hydrogen sulfide in natural waters","volume":"14","author":"Cline","year":"1989","journal-title":"Limnology and Oceanography"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C4","first-page":"259","article-title":"The relative availability of sulphide and methane to mussel symbionts rules the \u03b413C signature of hydrothermal mussels","volume":"43","author":"Cola\u00e7o","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cahiers de Biologie Marine"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C5","first-page":"237","article-title":"Ecology of the Menez Gwen hydrothermal field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge\/Azores Triple Junction)","volume":"3\u20134","author":"Cola\u00e7o","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cahiers de Biologie Marine"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-0637(01)00060-7","article-title":"Nutritional relations of deep-sea hydrothermal fields at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: a stable isotope approach","volume":"49","author":"Cola\u00e7o","year":"2002","journal-title":"Deep Sea Research"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0485.2006.00123.x","article-title":"The use of polar lipid fatty acids to determine trophic links in chemosynthetic communities","volume":"28","author":"Cola\u00e7o","year":"2007","journal-title":"Marine Ecology"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2005.12.005","article-title":"Annual spawning of the hydrothermal vent mussel, Bathymodiolus azoricus, under controlled aquarium conditions at atmospheric pressure","volume":"333","author":"Cola\u00e7o","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C9","first-page":"36","article-title":"LABHORTA, a land-based laboratory for vent studies","volume-title":"Towards Planning of Sea-floor Observatory Programs for the MAR Region (Proceedings of the II MoMar Workshop). Arquip\u00e9lago, Life and Marine Sciences. Supplement 3, XII","author":"Cola\u00e7o","year":"2002"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.08.056","article-title":"Antioxidant biochemical responses to long-term copper exposure in Bathymodiolus azoricus from Menez-Gwen hydrothermal vent","volume":"389","author":"Company","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science of Total Environment"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2004.49.4.1144","article-title":"Tissue carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotope turnover in transplanted Bathymodiolus childressi mussels: relation to growth and physiological condition","volume":"49","author":"Dattagupta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Limnology and Oceanography"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-1669(98)80060-8","article-title":"Deep ocean environmental biotechnology","volume":"9","author":"Deming","year":"1998","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Biotechnology"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-0637(00)00083-2","article-title":"Variations in deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities on the mid-Atlantic Ridge when approaching the Azores Plateau","volume":"48","author":"Desbruy\u00e8res","year":"2001","journal-title":"Deep Sea Research"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00394840","article-title":"Endosymbiosis in the lucinid clams Lucinoma aequizonata, Lucinoma annulata and Lucina floridana: a re-examination of the functional morphology of the gills as bacteria-bearing organs","volume":"96","author":"Distel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Marine Biology"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9588","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.21.9598","article-title":"Intracellular coexistence of methano- and thioautotrophic bacteria in a hydrothermal vent mussel","volume":"92","author":"Distel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C16","first-page":"21","article-title":"Retrievable cages open up new era in deep-sea vent research","volume":"10","author":"Dixon","year":"2001","journal-title":"InterRidge News"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C17","first-page":"14","article-title":"Towards unravelling the enigma of vent mussel reproduction on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, or when ATOS met Cages!","volume":"11","author":"Dixon","year":"2002","journal-title":"InterRidge News"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60111a017","article-title":"Colorimetric method for determination of sugar and related substances","volume":"28","author":"Dubois","year":"1956","journal-title":"Analytical Chemistry"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2008.08.003","article-title":"Symbioses between deep-sea mussels (Mytilidae: Bathymodiolinae) and chemosynthetic bacteria: diversity, function and evolution","volume":"332","author":"Duperron","year":"2009","journal-title":"Compte Rendus Biologies"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C20","first-page":"349","article-title":"Comparative allometries in growth and chemical composition of mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk) cultured in two zones in the Ria Sada (Galicia, NW Spain)","volume":"15","author":"Fernandez-Reiriz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Shellfish Research"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-002-0903-9","article-title":"Ultrastructural, biochemical, and immunological characterization of two populations of the mytilid mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: evidence for a dual symbiosis","volume":"141","author":"Fiala-M\u00e9dioni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Marine Biology"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00392747","article-title":"Ultrastructure of the gill of the hydrothermal-vent mytilid Bathymodiolus sp","volume":"92","author":"Fiala-M\u00e9dioni","year":"1986","journal-title":"Marine Biology"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C23","first-page":"221","article-title":"Organic carbon transfer from methanotrophic symbionts to the host hydrocarbon-seep mussel","volume":"12","author":"Fisher","year":"1992","journal-title":"Symbiosis"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1016\/0198-0149(88)90049-0","article-title":"Microhabitat variation in the hydrothermal vent mussel. Bathymodiolus thermophilus, at the Rose Garden vent on the Galapagos Rift","volume":"35","author":"Fisher","year":"1988","journal-title":"Deep Sea Research, Part A: Oceanographic Research Papers"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2004.12.025","article-title":"Experimentally induced endosymbiont loss and re-acquirement in the hydrothermal vent bivalve Bathymodiolus azoricus","volume":"318","author":"Kadar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6611(90)90020-3","article-title":"Nutritional strategies of the hydrothermal ecosystem bivalves","volume":"24","author":"Le Pennec","year":"1990","journal-title":"Progress in Oceanography"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-6291(77)90478-7","article-title":"Clustering of suspension-feeding macrobenthos near hydrothermal vents at oceanic spreading centers","volume":"24","author":"Lonsdale","year":"1977","journal-title":"Deep Sea Research"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(85)90243-1","article-title":"The use of physiological condition indices in marine bivalve aquaculture","volume":"44","author":"Lucas","year":"1985","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.SP.1998.148.01.15","article-title":"Relics and antiquity revisited in the modern vent fauna","volume":"148","author":"McArthur","year":"1998","journal-title":"Geological Society, London, Special Publications"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(97)00206-8","article-title":"Seasonal variations in the meat weight, condition index and biochemical composition of mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) in suspended culture in two Scottish sea lochs","volume":"159","author":"Okumus","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/0198-0149(91)90084-S","article-title":"Experimental evidence for filter-feeding by the hydrothermal vent mussel, Bathymodiolus thermophilus","volume":"12","author":"Page","year":"1991","journal-title":"Deep Sea Research"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.1.370-375.1998","article-title":"Stable-carbon-isotope composition of fatty acids in hydrothermal vent mussels containing methanotrophic and thiotrophic bacterial endosymbionts","volume":"64","author":"Pond","year":"1998","journal-title":"Applied Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315404009087h","article-title":"Tissue and symbiont condition of mussels (Bathymodiolus thermophilus) exposed to varying levels of hydrothermal activity","volume":"84","author":"Raulfs","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-5-1681-2008","article-title":"Influence of CH4 and H2S availability on symbiont distribution, carbon assimilation and transfer in the dual symbiotic vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus","volume":"5","author":"Riou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research, Biogeosciences"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s002270050427","article-title":"Physiological and immunological evidence for two distinct C-1-utilizing pathways in Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae), a dual endosymbiotic mussel from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge","volume":"132","author":"Robinson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Marine Biology"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(02)00303-2","article-title":"Mussel transplantation and biomarkers as useful tools for assessing water quality in the NW Mediterranean","volume":"122","author":"Romeo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C38","first-page":"253","article-title":"Brief account of the chemical environment at hydrothermal vent mussel beds on the MAR","volume":"39","author":"Sarradin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cahiers de Biologie Marine"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C39","first-page":"93","article-title":"Chemical environment of the hydrothermal mussel communities in the Lucky Strike and Menez Gwen vent fields, Mid-Atlantic Ridge","volume":"40","author":"Sarradin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cahiers de Biologie Marine"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.2307\/1940566","article-title":"Deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussels: nutritional state and distribution at the Galapagos rift","volume":"66","author":"Smith","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C41","first-page":"887","article-title":"Biometry","author":"Sokal","year":"1995","edition":"3rd edn."},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315401004337","article-title":"Different energy sources for three symbiont-dependent bivalve molluscs at the Logatchev hydrothermal site (Mid-Atlantic Ridge)","volume":"81","author":"Southward","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s002270050187","article-title":"Methanotrophic symbiont location and fate of carbon incorporated from methane in a hydrocarbon seep mussel","volume":"129","author":"Streams","year":"1997","journal-title":"Marine Biology"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1999.44.2.0334","article-title":"Site-specific and ontogenetic variations in nutrition of mussels (Bathymodiolus sp.) from the Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge","volume":"44","author":"Trask","year":"1999","journal-title":"Limnology and Oceanography"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C45","first-page":"424","article-title":"The Ecology of Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vents","author":"Van Dover","year":"2000"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3354\/meps230137","article-title":"Community structure of mussel beds at deep-sea hydrothermal vents","volume":"230","author":"Van Dover","year":"2002","journal-title":"Marine Ecology Progress Series"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C47","article-title":"Deep-sea hydrothermal vents: a natural pollution laboratory","author":"Ventox.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C48","first-page":"218","article-title":"Bathymodiolus (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from hydrothermal vents on the Azores Triple Junction and the Logatchev hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge","volume":"42","author":"Von Cosel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Veliger"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6785","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.11.6785-6792.2003","article-title":"Environmental acquisition of thiotrophic endosymbionts by deep-sea mussels of the genus Bathymodiolus","volume":"69","author":"Won","year":"2003","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"2019081300363161300_FSQ120C50","first-page":"663","article-title":"Biostatistical Analysis","author":"Zar","year":"1999","edition":"4th edn."}],"container-title":["ICES Journal of Marine Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/icesjms\/article-pdf\/68\/2\/349\/29139123\/fsq120.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T21:58:39Z","timestamp":1685743119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/icesjms\/article\/68\/2\/349\/617247"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,16]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/icesjms\/fsq120","relation":{},"ISSN":["1095-9289","1054-3139"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1095-9289","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1054-3139","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,16]]}}}