{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:02:35Z","timestamp":1790769755313,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Programa de becas Gilead a la investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica"},{"name":"Fondo Europeo para el Desarrollo Regional"},{"name":"Proyectos de Investigaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica Independiente"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"la Caixa"},{"name":"AIDS and HIV Unit"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Cl\u00ednic per la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica de Catalunya","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03mw46n78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022335","name":"Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022335","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV) (PWH) experience chronic inflammation and more age-related comorbidities despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Senescence biomarkers and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors reflect cellular senescence. This study assesses those markers in a male cohort of PWH across infection stages, pre\/post-ART.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed blood samples from 39 PWH with primary, chronic, and advanced HIV infection, before and after 1 year of ART, and 13 age- and sex-matched HIV-negative controls. Cellular senescence biomarkers in T-cells and monocytes, plasma SASP factors, and immune checkpoints were assessed via flow cytometry and Luminex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PWH exhibited elevated cellular senescence (SA-\u03b2Gal, p16INK4a, \u03b3H2AX, Bcl-2, CD87), SASP (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-RI\/RII, CD30, IL-8, RANTES, CXCL1), and immune checkpoint (PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, LAG-3, CTLA-4, and TIM-3) in chronic and advanced stages, which generally persisted post-ART, but not in PWH treated in primary HIV infection. Senescence biomarkers in T-cells and SASP components in plasma positively correlated with immunosenescence, T-cell activation, HIV p24 expression, and negatively with CD4 count and CD4\/CD8 ratio.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV infection promotes persistent cellular senescence despite ART in advanced and chronic infection. Thus, future senolytic or senomorphic strategies against cellular senescence may reduce chronic inflammation and aging-related complications in PWH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T12:51:36Z","timestamp":1772283096000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Changes in Cellular Senescence Biomarkers Across Individuals at Different Stages of HIV Infection Before and After a Year of Antiretroviral Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1271-6466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Ayala-Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS and HIV Infection Group, Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona\u2013Institut D'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi I Sunyer"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8339-8178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Agust\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS and HIV Infection Group, Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona\u2013Institut D'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi I Sunyer"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8549-0779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Maleno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS and HIV Infection Group, Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona\u2013Institut D'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi I Sunyer"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rovira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS and HIV Infection Group, Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona\u2013Institut D'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi I Sunyer"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2614-6545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"De Lazzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS and HIV Infection Group, Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona\u2013Institut D'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi I Sunyer"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1959-246X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Chivite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS and HIV Infection Group, Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona\u2013Institut D'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi I Sunyer"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8365-141X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep","family":"Mallolas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS and HIV Infection Group, Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona\u2013Institut D'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi I Sunyer"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9931-6686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Ambrosioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS and HIV Infection Group, Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona\u2013Institut D'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi I Sunyer"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9142-812X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonsoles","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Palomino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS and HIV Infection Group, Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona\u2013Institut D'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi I Sunyer"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6911-8846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esteban","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS and HIV Infection Group, Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona\u2013Institut D'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi I Sunyer"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid"},{"name":"Reial Academia de Medicina de Catalunya , Barcelona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8057-7755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M","family":"Mir\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS and HIV Infection Group, Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona\u2013Institut D'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi I Sunyer"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid"},{"name":"Reial Academia de Medicina de Catalunya , Barcelona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4917-260X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Casanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS and HIV Infection Group, Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona\u2013Institut D'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi I Sunyer"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0023-7377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Alcam\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS and HIV Infection Group, Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona\u2013Institut D'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi I Sunyer"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid"},{"name":"AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0791-656X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Climent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS and HIV Infection Group, Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona\u2013Institut D'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi I Sunyer"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2327584","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.27584","article-title":"Aging-related comorbidity burden among women and men with or at-risk for HIV in the US, 2008-2019","volume":"6","author":"Collins","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0675-0","article-title":"Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span","volume":"25","author":"Furman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000810","article-title":"Decrypting biological hallmarks of aging in people with HIV","volume":"18","author":"Premeaux","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104488","article-title":"Accelerated aging with HIV occurs at the time of initial HIV infection","volume":"25","author":"Breen","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-024-00738-8","article-title":"SenNet recommendations for detecting senescent cells in different tissues","volume":"25","author":"Suryadevara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e301","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060301","article-title":"Senescence-associated secretory phenotypes reveal cell-nonautonomous functions of oncogenic RAS and the p53 tumor suppressor","volume":"6","author":"Copp\u00e9","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645593","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.645593","article-title":"Mechanisms of cellular senescence: cell cycle arrest and senescence associated secretory phenotype","volume":"9","author":"Kumari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.001","article-title":"Hallmarks of aging: an expanding universe","volume":"186","author":"L\u00f3pez-Ot\u00edn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F17","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199607000-00001","article-title":"Shortened telomeres in the expanded CD28-CD8+ cell subset in HIV disease implicate replicative senescence in HIV pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Effros","year":"1996","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200005050-00002","article-title":"Accelerated replicative senescence of the peripheral immune system induced by HIV infection","volume":"14","author":"Bestilny","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2012.00856.x","article-title":"Expression of p16(INK4a) as a biomarker of T-cell aging in HIV-infected patients prior to and during antiretroviral therapy","volume":"11","author":"Nelson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0166759","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166759","article-title":"p16INK4a expression and immunologic aging in chronic HIV infection","volume":"11","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00107-19","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00107-19","article-title":"The role of the BCL-2 family of proteins in HIV-1 pathogenesis and persistence","volume":"33","author":"Chandrasekar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.12.004","article-title":"HIV-associated cellular senescence: a contributor to accelerated aging","volume":"36","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03995-1","article-title":"Virus-induced senescence is a driver and therapeutic target in COVID-19","volume":"599","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568762","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1568762","article-title":"HIV-Tat upregulates the expression of senescence biomarkers in CD4+ T-cells","volume":"16","author":"Casanova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532692","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1532692","article-title":"Intracellular HIV-1 Tat regulator induces epigenetic changes in the DNA methylation landscape","volume":"16","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Agust\u00edn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01451-2","article-title":"Immunosenescence: molecular mechanisms and diseases","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1999.00505.x","article-title":"Increased CD4 + T-lymphocyte senescence fraction in advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection","volume":"49","author":"Nichols","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698565","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.698565","article-title":"p16INK4a regulates cellular senescence in PD-1\u2013expressing human T cells","volume":"12","author":"Janelle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13750","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13750","article-title":"Antiretroviral protease inhibitors induce features of cellular senescence that are reversible upon drug removal","volume":"22","author":"Kuehnemann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.09.026","article-title":"Immune reconstitution in very advanced HIV patients treated with dolutegravir vs darunavir-based triple antiretroviral therapy: the Advanz-4 randomized clinical trial","volume":"32","author":"Miro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir627","article-title":"Premature age-related comorbidities among HIV-infected persons compared with the general population","volume":"53","author":"Guaraldi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20232136","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20232136","article-title":"Cellular senescence: neither irreversible nor reversible","volume":"221","author":"Reimann","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638010","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.638010","article-title":"Markers of T cell exhaustion and senescence and their relationship to plasma TGF-\u03b2 levels in treated HIV+ immune non-responders","volume":"12","author":"Shive","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-024-01064-z","article-title":"Low-level HIV-1 viremia affects T-cell activation and senescence in long-term treated adults in the INSTI era","volume":"31","author":"Lara-Aguilar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105533","article-title":"SHMT2 regulates CD8+ T cell senescence via the reactive oxygen species axis in HIV-1 infected patients on antiretroviral therapy","volume":"112","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.08.012","article-title":"Magnitude and kinetics of CD8+ T cell activation during hyperacute HIV infection impact viral set point","volume":"43","author":"Ndhlovu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-0915","article-title":"CCR5 governs DNA damage repair and breast cancer stem cell expansion","volume":"78","author":"Jiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01931-17","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01931-17","article-title":"Maraviroc is associated with latent HIV-1 reactivation through NF-\u03baB activation in resting CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected individuals on suppressive antiretroviral therapy","volume":"92","author":"Madrid-Elena","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02634-y","article-title":"The CCR5-antagonist maraviroc reverses HIV-1 latency in vitro alone or in combination with the PKC-agonist bryostatin-1","volume":"7","author":"L\u00f3pez-Huertas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0283648","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283648","article-title":"Low pre-ART CD4 count is associated with increased risk of clinical progression or death even after reaching 500 CD4 cells\/\u03bcL on ART","volume":"18","author":"Pantazis","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3873","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402176","article-title":"The upregulation of LAG-3 on T cells defines a subpopulation with functional exhaustion and correlates with disease progression in HIV-infected subjects","volume":"194","author":"Tian","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081398","article-title":"Tim-3 expression defines a novel population of dysfunctional T cells with highly elevated frequencies in progressive HIV-1 infection","volume":"205","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005661","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005661","article-title":"Exhaustion of activated CD8 T cells predicts disease progression in primary HIV-1 infection","volume":"12","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-022-00465-0","article-title":"Identification of CD8+ T cell subsets that normalize in early-treated people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy","volume":"19","author":"Perdomo-Celis","year":"2022","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002165","article-title":"Soluble plasma programmed death 1 (PD-1) and Tim-3 in primary HIV infection","volume":"33","author":"Zilber","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123342","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1123342","article-title":"Soluble immune checkpoints as correlates for HIV persistence and T cell function in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy","volume":"14","author":"Chiu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3390\/v11030200","article-title":"Immune activation, inflammation, and non-AIDS co-morbidities in HIV-infected patients under long-term ART","volume":"11","author":"Zicari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694065","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1694065","article-title":"Inflammatory and redox reprogramming of macrophages by HIV cell-to-cell transmission inhibits bone resorption capacity","volume":"16","author":"Sviercz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2002.01062.x","article-title":"Decreased urokinase receptor expression on granulocytes in HIV-infected patients","volume":"55","author":"Storgaard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4091","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.13.4091","article-title":"Serum level of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor is a strong and independent predictor of survival in human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"96","author":"Sidenius","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-025-00542-8","article-title":"Re-evaluating CD57 as a marker of T cell senescence: implications for immune ageing and differentiation","volume":"22","author":"Autaa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immun Ageing"},{"key":"2026093007315052000_jiag133-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-024-01074-4","article-title":"Senescence as a therapeutic target in cancer and age-related diseases","volume":"24","author":"McHugh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiag133\/67279009\/jiag133.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiag133\/67279009\/jiag133.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:32:04Z","timestamp":1790767924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiag133\/8512031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"references-count":44,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiag133","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"article-number":"jiag133"}}