{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T08:07:29Z","timestamp":1769846849261,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]],"date-time":"2020-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":218,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infections are major public health problems. We aimed to study the 6-mo impact of mass drug administration with praziquantel and albendazole on urinary schistosomiasis and STH.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We examined children (aged 2\u201315 y) from one hamlet, who provided urine and faeces samples at baseline (n=197), 1 mo (n=102) and 6 mo (n=92); 67 completed the protocol.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At baseline, 47\/67 (70.1%) children presented Schistosoma haematobium (75.8% in the baseline total sample) and 12\/67 (17.9%) with STH (30.5% in the initial sample, p=0.010). Among the children, 47.3% had heavy Schistosoma haematobium infection. The most frequent STH was Trichuris trichiura in 9.0%. We also found Hymenolepis nana (13.2%) and Plasmodium falciparum (9.1%) infections and anaemia (82.1%). One mo after chemotherapy there was a significant (p=0.013) reduction of Schistosoma haematobium prevalence (23.5%) and a high egg reduction rate (86.9%). Considering the sample of 67 children, the mean egg concentration was 498 at baseline, 65 at 1 mo and 252 at 6 mo (p&amp;lt;0.05). We also observed a reduction in STH infections, 50% in Ascaris lumbricoides, 33.3% in T. trichiura and 50% in hookworms. At 6 mo, the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium (76.1%) was similar to the baseline and the STH reduction was not significant.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Longitudinal studies have reported many losses in these settings, but we were able to show that mass drug administration for control of schistosomiasis and STH present low effectiveness, that reinfections occur rapidly and that stand alone anthelmintic therapy is not a sustainable choice.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihz055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,8]],"date-time":"2019-06-08T03:23:33Z","timestamp":1559964213000},"page":"86-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Integrated community-based intervention for urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in children from Caxito, Angola"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Manuel","family":"Lemos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Angola"},{"name":"EPI Unit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Fan\u00e7ony","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Angola"},{"name":"EPI Unit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Moura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Angola"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Mirante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Angola"}]},{"given":"Pinto de","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola"}]},{"given":"Henrique","family":"Barros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EPI Unit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica e Forenses e Educa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Nery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6394-658X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Brito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Angola"},{"name":"Health and Technology Research Center (H&TRC), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34261","article-title":"Helminth infections: the great neglected tropical diseases","volume":"118","author":"Hotez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005424","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005424","article-title":"The global burden of disease study 2013: What does it mean for the NTDs?","volume":"11","author":"Herricks","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33189","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033189","article-title":"Epidemiology of malaria, schistosomiasis, geohelminths, anemia and malnutrition in the context of a demographic surveillance system in northern Angola","volume":"7","author":"Sousa-Figueiredo","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-385","article-title":"Finding malaria hot-spots in northern Angola: the role of individual, household and environmental factors within a meso-endemic area","volume":"11","author":"Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e92032","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092032","article-title":"Ascaris lumbricoides infection and its relation to environmental factors in the Mbeya region of Tanzania, a cross-sectional, population-based study","volume":"9","author":"Sch\u00fcle","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2013.91","article-title":"Role of malnutrition and parasite infections in the spatial variation in children\u2019s anaemia risk in northern Angola","volume":"7","author":"Soares Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geospatial Health"},{"issue":"7251","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7251.1697","article-title":"Effects of treatment for intestinal helminth infection on growth and cognitive performance in children: systematic review of randomised trials","volume":"320","author":"Dickson","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1783","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001783","article-title":"Re-visiting Trichuris trichiura intensity thresholds based on anemia during pregnancy","volume":"6","author":"Gyorkos","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C9","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Schistosomiasis","author":"Lewis","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C10","first-page":"133","article-title":"Setting up a demographic surveillance system in northern Angola","volume":"26","author":"Jo\u00e3o Costa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr Popul Stud"},{"key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C11","volume-title":"Manual of basic techniques for a health laboratory","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2003","edition":"2nd ed"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v16i3.9","article-title":"Comparing concentration methods: parasitrap\u00ae versus Kato-Katz for studying the prevalence of Helminths in Bengo province, Angola","volume":"16","author":"Mirante","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"issue":"9752","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61269-X","article-title":"Operational strategies to achieve and maintain malaria elimination","volume":"376","author":"Moonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001942","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001942","article-title":"\u2018Asymptomatic\u2019 malaria: a chronic and debilitating infection that should be treated","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C15","volume-title":"Basic laboratory methods in medical parasitology","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1991"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-108","article-title":"Schistosoma haematobium infections among schoolchildren in central Sudan one year after treatment with praziquantel","volume":"5","author":"Ahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C17","author":"Montresor","year":"1998"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-4-27","article-title":"Patterns of geohelminth infection, impact of albendazole treatment and re-infection after treatment in schoolchildren from rural KwaZulu-Natal\/South-Africa","volume":"4","author":"Saathoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3423","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003423","article-title":"Reduction of urogenital schistosomiasis with an integrated control project in Sudan","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1050-8","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practices towards schistosomiasis among rural population in Yemen","volume":"8","author":"Sady","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.06.007","article-title":"Efficacy of praziquantel and reinfection patterns in single and mixed infection foci for intestinal and urogenital schistosomiasis in Cameroon","volume":"128","author":"Tchuem Tchuent\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.778","article-title":"Efficacy of praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium infection in children","volume":"71","author":"Tchuent\u00e9","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"13","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.05.002","article-title":"Effect of praziquantel on the immature stages of Schistosoma haematobium","volume":"35","author":"Botros","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000052689","article-title":"A comparative study of the life-histories of mammalian schistosomes","volume":"87","author":"Loker","year":"1983","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0605","article-title":"Hookworm infection among school age children in Kintampo north municipality, Ghana: nutritional risk factors and response to albendazole treatment","volume":"89","author":"Newton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1549","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001549","article-title":"A research agenda for helminth diseases of humans: intervention for control and elimination","volume":"6","author":"Prichard","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2011.09.002","article-title":"Is anthelmintic resistance a concern for the control of human soil-transmitted helminths?","volume":"1","author":"Vercruysse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4809-3","article-title":"Soil transmitted helminthiasis and associated risk factors among elementary school children in Ambo town, western Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"Samuel","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C29","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020042904360416100_ihz055C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.08.011","article-title":"Schistosomiasis research in Africa: how the CONTRAST alliance made it happen","volume":"128","author":"Utzinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Trop"}],"container-title":["International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/inthealth\/article-pdf\/12\/2\/86\/33142682\/ihz055.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/inthealth\/article-pdf\/12\/2\/86\/33142682\/ihz055.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T08:36:52Z","timestamp":1588149412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/inthealth\/article\/12\/2\/86\/5530565"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/inthealth\/ihz055","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-3413","1876-3405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-3413","type":"print"},{"value":"1876-3405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]]}}}