{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T20:39:37Z","timestamp":1772138377294,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission, Seven Framework Programme","award":["EVOTARFP7-HEALTH-282004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EVOTARFP7-HEALTH-282004"]}]},{"name":"Health Institute Carlos III of Spain","award":["PI18-01942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18-01942"]}]},{"name":"Health Institute Carlos III of Spain","award":["CB06\/02\/0053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB06\/02\/0053"]}]},{"name":"Regional Government of Madrid","award":["InGEMICS-C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["InGEMICS-C"]}]},{"name":"Regional Government of Madrid","award":["S2017\/BMD-3691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2017\/BMD-3691"]}]},{"name":"European Development Regional Fund"},{"name":"Health Institute Carlos III of Spain and the European Union","award":["CD18\/0123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CD18\/0123"]}]},{"name":"Health Institute Carlos III of Spain and the European Union","award":["CD17\/00272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CD17\/00272"]}]},{"name":"Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit \u2013 UCIBIO"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006129","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006129","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Junior Research Position","award":["CEECIND\/02268\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/02268\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Individual Call to Scientific Employment Stimulus 2017"},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vancomycin resistance is mostly associated with Enterococcus faecium due to Tn1546-vanA located on narrow- and broad-host plasmids of various families. This study\u2019s aim was to analyse the effects of acquiring Tn1546-carrying plasmids with proven epidemicity in different bacterial host backgrounds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Widespread Tn1546-carrying plasmids of different families RepA_N (n\u2009=\u20095), Inc18 (n\u2009=\u20094) and\/or pHT\u03b2 (n\u2009=\u20091), and prototype plasmids RepA_N (pRUM) and Inc18 (pRE25, pIP501) were analysed. Plasmid transferability and fitness cost were assessed using E. faecium (GE1, 64\/3) and Enterococcus faecalis (JH2-2\/FA202\/UV202) recipient strains. Growth curves (Bioscreen C) and Relative Growth Rates were obtained in the presence\/absence of vancomycin. Plasmid stability was analysed (300 generations). WGS (Illumina-MiSeq) of non-evolved and evolved strains (GE1\/64\/3 transconjugants, n\u2009=\u200949) was performed. SNP calling (Breseq software) of non-evolved strains was used for comparison.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All plasmids were successfully transferred to different E. faecium clonal backgrounds. Most Tn1546-carrying plasmids and Inc18 and RepA_N prototypes reduced host fitness (\u20132% to 18%) while the cost of Tn1546 expression varied according to the Tn1546-variant and the recipient strain (9%\u201349%). Stability of Tn1546-carrying plasmids was documented in all cases, often with loss of phenotypic resistance and\/or partial plasmid deletions. SNPs and\/or indels associated with essential bacterial functions were observed on the chromosome of evolved strains, some of them linked to increased fitness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The stability of E. faecium Tn1546-carrying plasmids in the absence of selective pressure and the high intra-species conjugation rates might explain the persistence of vancomycin resistance in E. faecium populations despite the significant burden they might impose on bacterial host strains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T18:41:57Z","timestamp":1630089717000},"page":"2757-2764","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Fitness cost of vancomycin-resistant\n                    <i>Enterococcus faecium<\/i>\n                    plasmids associated with hospital infection outbreaks"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Ana P","family":"Tedim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal-IRYCIS , Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Val F","family":"Lanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Bioinformatics, University Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal-IRYCIS , Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Concepci\u00f3n M","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal-IRYCIS , Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7326-4133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana R","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Laboratory , Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Novais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Laboratory , Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Peixe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Laboratory , Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Baquero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal-IRYCIS , Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centres for Biomedical Research in the Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBER-ESP) , Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Teresa M","family":"Coque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal-IRYCIS , Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022082700082390200_dkab249-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3351","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw312","article-title":"Multilevel population genetic analysis of vanA and vanB Enterococcus faecium causing nosocomial outbreaks in 27 countries (1986\u20132012)","volume":"71","author":"Freitas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2022082700082390200_dkab249-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1086\/491711","article-title":"Vancomycin resistance in Gram-positive cocci","volume":"42 Suppl 1","author":"Courvalin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022082700082390200_dkab249-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03226.x","article-title":"Mobile genetic elements and their contribution to the emergence of antimicrobial resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus 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