{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T06:25:21Z","timestamp":1762928721363,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,12]],"date-time":"2019-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia\/Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000024","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-00001","UID\/MULTI\/04378\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000024","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-00001","UID\/MULTI\/04378\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research"},{"name":"Sara Borrell PostDoc Research","award":["CD18\/00123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CD18\/00123"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Employment Stimulus 2017"},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increasing numbers of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus carrying optrA are being reported across different niches worldwide. We aimed to characterize the first optrA-carrying Enterococcus faecalis obtained from food-producing animals and retail meat samples in Tunisia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven optrA-carrying E. faecalis obtained from chicken faeces (n=3, August 2017) and retail chicken meat (n=4, August 2017) in Tunisia were analysed. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion, broth microdilution and Etest against 13 antibiotics, linezolid and tedizolid, respectively (EUCAST\/CLSI). optrA stability (\u223c600 bacterial generations), transfer (filter mating) and location (S1-PFGE\/hybridization) were characterized. WGS (Illumina-HiSeq) was done for four representatives that were analysed through in silico and genomic mapping tools.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four MDR clones carrying different virulence genes were identified in chicken faeces (ST476) and retail meat (the same ST476 clone plus ST21 and ST859) samples. MICs of linezolid and tedizolid were stably maintained at 8 and 1\u20132\u2009mg\/L, respectively. optrA was located in the same transferable chromosomal Tn6674-like element in ST476 and ST21 clones, similar to isolates from pigs in Malaysia and humans in China. ST859 carried a non-conjugative plasmid of \u223c40\u2009kb with an impB-fexA-optrA segment, similar to plasmids from pigs and humans in China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The same chromosomal and transferable Tn6674-like element was identified in different E. faecalis clones from humans and animals. The finding of retail meat contaminated with the same linezolid-resistant E. faecalis strain obtained from a food-producing animal highlights the potential role of the food chain in the worrisome dissemination of optrA that can be stably maintained without selective pressure over generations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T11:39:44Z","timestamp":1568288384000},"page":"30-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["From farm to fork: identical clones and Tn6674-like elements in linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis from food-producing animals and retail meat"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Houyem","family":"Elghaieb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar, Institut de la Recherche V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Tunisie, 20 rue Jebel Lakhdhar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"Ana P","family":"Tedim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Sepsis \u2013 BioSepsis, Hospital Universitario R\u00edo Hortega, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Valladollid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Mohamed S","family":"Abbassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar, Institut de la Recherche V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Tunisie, 20 rue Jebel Lakhdhar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Novais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Unidade de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Abdennaceur","family":"Hassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Us\u00e9es, Centre des Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Technopole Borj C\u00e9dria, Soliman, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Peixe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7326-4133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana R","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019121310474239300_dkz419-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2018.10.002","article-title":"Update on prevalence and mechanisms of resistance to linezolid, tigecycline and daptomycin in enterococci in Europe: towards a common nomenclature","volume":"40","author":"Bender","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"key":"2019121310474239300_dkz419-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz097","article-title":"Emergence of optrA-mediated linezolid resistance in enterococci from 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