{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T20:23:34Z","timestamp":1772137414894,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016326","name":"EIT Food","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010686","name":"European Institute of Innovation and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016077","name":"EU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"EU Framework Program for Research and Innovation"},{"name":"Tellspec LTD"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n AZTI"},{"name":"Microbion"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Fish fraud is a problematic issue for the industry. For it to be properly addressed will require the use of accurate, rapid, and cost-effective tools. In this work, near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to predict nutritional values (protein, lipids, and moisture) as well as to discriminate between sources (farmed vs. wild fish) and conditions (fresh or defrosted fish). Samples of five whitefish species\u2014Alaskan pollock (Gadus chalcogrammu), Atlantic cod (G. morhua), European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), common sole (Solea solea), and turbot (Psetta maxima)\u2014including farmed, wild, fresh, and frozen ones, were scanned by a low-cost handheld near infrared reflectance spectrometer with a spectral range between 900 and 1700\u2009nm. Several machine learning algorithms were explored for both regression and classification tasks, achieving precisions and coefficients of determination higher than 88% and 0.78, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to cluster samples according to classes where good linear discriminations were denoted. Loadings from PCA revealed bands at 1150, 1200, and 1400\u2009nm as the most discriminative spectral regions regarding classification of both source and condition, suggesting the absorbance of OH, CH, CH2, and CH3 groups as the most important ones. This study shows the use of NIRS and both linear and non-linear learners as a suitable strategy to address fish fraud and fish QC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoacint\/qsaa114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]],"date-time":"2020-08-21T19:14:36Z","timestamp":1598037276000},"page":"53-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Coupled to Chemometrics as a Cost-Effective, Rapid, and Non-Destructive Tool for Fish Fraud Control: Monitoring Source, Condition, and Nutritional Value of Five Common Whitefish Species"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Diogo B","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tellspec LTD, 83 Cambridge St, SW1 4PS London, UK"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o e Part\u00edculas, Av. Professor Gama Pinto 2, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carla S P","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, 4050-313 Porto, Portuga"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tellspec LTD, 83 Cambridge St, SW1 4PS London, UK"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, 4050-313 Porto, Portuga"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Queir\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tellspec LTD, 83 Cambridge St, SW1 4PS London, UK"}]},{"given":"Pedro D","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tellspec LTD, 83 Cambridge St, SW1 4PS London, UK"},{"name":"Champalimaud Foundation, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Bloore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tellspec LTD, 83 Cambridge St, SW1 4PS London, UK"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Satta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tellspec LTD, 83 Cambridge St, SW1 4PS London, UK"}]},{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tellspec LTD, 83 Cambridge St, SW1 4PS London, UK"},{"name":"Szent Istv\u00e1n University, Department of Physics and Control, Faculty of Food Science, Soml\u00f3i \u00fat 14-16, Budapest H-1118, Hungary"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Casal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Laborat\u00f3rio de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, 4050-313 Porto, Portuga"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tellspec LTD, 83 Cambridge St, SW1 4PS London, UK"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021071316354428400_qsaa114-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000038493.65177.94","volume":"106","author":"Kris-Etherton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021071316354428400_qsaa114-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2010.00287.x","volume":"68","author":"Wall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr. 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