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In this article, we present the development and full validation of a simple, user and environmentally friendly, cheap and suitable method for the determination of ketamine and its main metabolite norketamine in hair samples. The procedure included using a miniaturized procedure\u2014microextraction by packed sorbent with mixed-mode sorbent\u2014for sample clean-up. Organic solvents use was minimal, and it was possible to obtain a linear method (0.05\u201310 ng\/mg for both analytes). The extraction efficiency ranged from 32 to 61%, which did not impair sensitivity. The method proved to be selective, precise, accurate and suitable for routine analysis for the determination of said compounds in 50-mg hair samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkac075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T08:52:17Z","timestamp":1663663937000},"page":"227-235","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Microextraction by Packed Sorbent as a Clean-up Approach for the Determination of Ketamine and Norketamine in Hair by Gas Chromatography--Tandem Mass Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"A Y","family":"Sim\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI) , Covilh\u00e3 6200-506, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior , Covilh\u00e3 6200-000, Portugal"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI) , Covilh\u00e3 6200-506, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior , Covilh\u00e3 6200-000, Portugal"}]},{"given":"L M","family":"Rosendo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI) , Covilh\u00e3 6200-506, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior , Covilh\u00e3 6200-000, Portugal"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Rosado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI) , Covilh\u00e3 6200-506, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior , Covilh\u00e3 6200-000, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Andraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chromatox\/Dasa Laboratory Ltda , Sumar\u00e9, S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014SP 01259-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8848-2734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M","family":"Barroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Qu\u00edmica e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ci\u00eancias Forenses\u2014Delega\u00e7\u00e3o do Sul , Lisboa 1169-201, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1802-8998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E","family":"Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI) , Covilh\u00e3 6200-506, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior , Covilh\u00e3 6200-000, Portugal"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032411260112700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-020-02693-7","article-title":"Designer drugs: mechanism of action and adverse effects","volume":"94","author":"Luethi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archives of Toxicology"},{"key":"2023032411260112700_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32231-7","article-title":"New psychoactive substances: challenges for drug surveillance, control, and public health responses","volume":"394","author":"Peacock","year":"2019","journal-title":"The 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