{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:47:09Z","timestamp":1773758829587,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Due to the high prevalence of cannabinoids in forensic toxicology analysis, it is crucial to have an efficient method that allows the use of a small sample amount and that requires a minimal sample preparation for the determination and quantification of low concentrations. A simple, highly selective and high throughput liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry methodology (LC\u2013MS-MS-MS3) was developed for the determination and quantification of \u22069-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-\u22069- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-OH) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-\u22069-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) in blood samples. Chromatographic analysis of THC, THC-OH and THC-COOH and their deuterated internal standards was preceded by protein precipitation (PPT) of 0.1\u2009mL of blood samples with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was achieved by use of an Acquity UPLC\u00ae HHS T3 (100\u2009mm \u00d7 2.1\u2009mm i.d., 1.8\u2009\u03bcm) reversed-phase column, using a gradient elution of 2\u2009mM aqueous ammonium formate, 0.1% formic acid and methanol at a flow rate of 0.4\u2009mL\/min, with a run time of 10\u2009min. For the MS-MS-MS3 analysis, a SCIEX QTRAP\u00ae 6500+ triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer was used via electrospray ionization (ESI), operated in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and linear ion trap mode (MS3). The method was validated in accordance with internationally accepted criteria and guidelines, and proved to be selective and linear between 0.5 and 100\u2009ng\/mL (r2\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.995). The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) corresponded to the lowest concentrations used for the calibration curves. The coefficients of variation obtained for accuracy and precision were &amp;lt;15%. The mean recoveries were between 88.0% and 117.2% for the studied concentration levels (1\u2009ng\/mL, 5\u2009ng\/mL and 50\u2009ng\/mL). No significant interfering compounds, matrix effects or carryover were observed. The validated method provides a sensitive, efficient and robust procedure for the quantification of cannabinoids in blood, using LC\u2013MS-MS-MS3 and a sample volume of 0.1\u2009mL. This work is also a proof of concept for using LC\u2013MS3 technique to determine drugs in biological samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkad046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T18:03:37Z","timestamp":1690394617000},"page":"606-614","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["LC\u2013MS-MS-MS3 for the determination and quantification of \u22069-tetrahydrocannabinol and metabolites in blood samples"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1642-636X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Proen\u00e7a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences , Polo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (Polo III), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Helena M","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences , Polo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (Polo III), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Polo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (Polo III), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Martinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences , Polo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (Polo III), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences , Polo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (Polo III), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences , Polo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (Polo III), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Corte-Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences , Polo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (Polo III), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Polo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (Polo III), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023091515445766900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2005.09.006","article-title":"Use 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