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The MEPS used a mixed mode sorbent, and the steps for sample cleanup were conditioning (three cycles of 250 \u03bcL of methanol and three cycles of 250 \u03bcL formic acid 2%); sample load (15 cycles of 150 \u03bcL); wash (150 \u03bcL of 3.36% formic acid); and elution (eight cycles of 100 \u03bcL of ammonium hydroxide 2.36% (in methanol)). Linearity was obtained from the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) up to 5 ng\/mg, with all target compounds revealing determination coefficients &gt;0.99. The LLOQs achieved were 0.01 ng\/mg for TRM, COD and 6-AC, and 0.025 ng\/mg for MOR, 6-MAM and FNT. The recoveries ranged from 74 to 90% (TRM), 51 to 59% (COD), 22 to 36% (MOR), 69 to 99% (6-AC), 53 to 61% (6-MAM) and 75 to 86% (FNT). Precision and accuracy revealed coefficients of variation typically below 15% and relative errors within a \u00b115% interval, respectively. This new approach has proven to be an excellent alternative to classic procedures, reducing the volumes of organic solvents required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkz029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]],"date-time":"2019-04-05T07:13:49Z","timestamp":1554448429000},"page":"465-476","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Determination of Selected Opiates in Hair Samples Using Microextraction by Packed Sorbent: A New Approach for Sample Clean-up"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Tiago","family":"Rosado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-556 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, EM506, 6201-556 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8848-2734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Barroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ci\u00eancias Forenses\u2014Delega\u00e7\u00e3o do Sul, Rua Manuel Bento de Sousa, 3, 1169-201 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Duarte Nuno","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1802-8998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenia","family":"Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-556 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, EM506, 6201-556 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019091012110246300_bkz029C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.11.028","article-title":"Addictive behaviors opiate use disorders and overdose: medical students\u2019 experiences, satisfaction with learning, and attitudes toward community naloxone provision","volume":"86","author":"Tobin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"2019091012110246300_bkz029C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.05.005","article-title":"Addictive behaviors trends in non-medical prescription opioids and heroin co-use among adults, 2003\u20132014","volume":"86","author":"Mital","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addictive 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