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Heatwaves and drought, which are among the top stressors, commonly co-occur, and their frequency is increasing with global climate change. High-throughput methods were optimized to phenotype wheat plants under controlled water deficit and high temperature, with the aim to identify phenotypic traits conferring adaptative stress responses. Wheat plants of 10 genotypes were grown in a fully automated plant facility under 25\/18 \u00b0C day\/night for 30 d, and then the temperature was increased for 7 d (38\/31 \u00b0C day\/night) while maintaining half of the plants well irrigated and half at 30% field capacity. Thermal and multispectral images and pot weights were registered twice daily. At the end of the experiment, key metabolites and enzyme activities from carbohydrate and antioxidant metabolism were quantified. Regression machine learning models were successfully established to predict plant biomass using image-extracted parameters. Evapotranspiration traits expressed significant genotype\u2013environment interactions (G\u00d7E) when acclimatization to stress was continuously monitored. Consequently, transpiration efficiency was essential to maintain the balance between water-saving strategies and biomass production in wheat under water deficit and high temperature. Stress tolerance included changes in carbohydrate metabolism, particularly in the sucrolytic and glycolytic pathways, and in antioxidant metabolism. The observed genetic differences in sensitivity to high temperature and water deficit can be exploited in breeding programmes to improve wheat resilience to climate change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erac160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T11:17:22Z","timestamp":1650453442000},"page":"5235-5251","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["High-throughput phenotyping of physiological traits for wheat resilience to high temperature and drought stress"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Pedro M P","family":"Correia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BioISI \u2013 Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa , Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jesper","family":"Cairo Westergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Science, Copenhagen University , H\u00f8jbakkeg\u00e5rd All\u00e9 13, 2630 T\u00e5strup , Denmark"}]},{"given":"Anabela","family":"Bernardes da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioISI \u2013 Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa , Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Roitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Science, Copenhagen University , H\u00f8jbakkeg\u00e5rd All\u00e9 13, 2630 T\u00e5strup , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute , CAS, 603 00 Brno , Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Elizabete","family":"Carmo-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University , Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4YQ , UK"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Marques da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioISI \u2013 Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa , Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa , Portugal"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022090309093553100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eru448","article-title":"Ectopic overexpression of the cell wall invertase gene CIN1 leads to dehydration avoidance in tomato.","volume":"66","author":"Albacete","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2022090309093553100_CIT0002","first-page":"181","article-title":"Trick and treat: a review on the function and regulation of plant invertases in the abiotic stress response.","volume-title":"Phyton","author":"Albacete","year":"2011"},{"key":"2022090309093553100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcf049","article-title":"Plant breeding and drought in C3 cereals: what should we breed for?","volume":"89","author":"Araus","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annals of Botany"},{"key":"2022090309093553100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erl123","article-title":"Hyperspectral remote sensing of plant pigments.","volume":"58","author":"Blackburn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2022090309093553100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1984.0011183X002400050026x","article-title":"Stress tolerance in soybeans. 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