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Stochastic sightline effects prohibit the direct separation of LyC leakers from non-leakers at significant redshifts. Here we circumvent this uncertainty by inferring fesc using resolved (R\u00a0&amp;gt;\u00a04000) Lyman \u03b1 (Ly\u03b1) profiles from the X-SHOOTER Ly\u03b1 survey at z = 2 (XLS-z2). With empirically motivated criteria, we use Ly\u03b1 profiles to select leakers ($f_{\\mathrm{ esc}} &amp;gt; 20{{\\ \\rm per\\ cent}}$) and non-leakers ($f_{\\mathrm{ esc}} &amp;lt; 5{{\\ \\rm per\\ cent}}$) from a representative sample of &amp;gt;0.2L* Lyman \u03b1 emitters (LAEs). We use median stacked spectra of these subsets over \u03bbrest\u00a0\u2248\u00a01000\u20138000\u00a0\u00c5 to investigate the conditions for LyC fesc. Our stacks show similar mass, metallicity, MUV, and \u03b2UV. We find the following differences between leakers versus non-leakers: (i) strong nebular C\u2009iv and He\u2009ii emission versus non-detections; (ii) [O\u2009iii]\/[O\u2009ii]\u00a0\u2248 8.5 versus \u22483; (iii) H\u03b1\/H\u03b2 indicating no dust versus E(B \u2212 V)\u00a0\u2248 0.3; (iv) Mg\u2009ii emission close to the systemic velocity versus redshifted, optically thick Mg\u2009ii; and (v) Ly\u03b1 fesc of ${\\approx} 50{{\\ \\rm per\\ cent}}$ versus ${\\approx} 10{{\\ \\rm per\\ cent}}$. The extreme equivalent widths (EWs) in leakers ([O\u2009iii]+$\\mathrm{ H}\\beta \\approx 1100$\u00a0\u00c5 rest frame) constrain the characteristic time-scale of LyC escape to \u22483\u201310\u00a0Myr bursts when short-lived stars with the hardest ionizing spectra shine. The defining traits of leakers \u2013 extremely ionizing stellar populations, low column densities, a dust-free, high-ionization state interstellar medium (ISM) \u2013 occur simultaneously in the $f_{\\rm esc} &amp;gt; 20{{\\ \\rm per\\ cent}}$ stack, suggesting they are causally connected, and motivating why indicators like [O\u2009iii]\/[O\u2009ii] may suffice to constrain fesc at z &amp;gt; 6 with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The leakers comprise half of our sample, have a median LyC$f_{\\rm esc} \\approx 50{{\\ \\rm per\\ cent}}$ (conservative range: $20\\!-\\!55{{\\ \\rm per\\ cent}}$), and an ionizing production efficiency $\\log ({\\xi _{\\rm {ion}}\/\\rm {Hz\\ erg^{-1}}})\\approx 25.9$ (conservative range: 25.7\u201325.9). These results show LAEs \u2013 the type of galaxies rare at z\u00a0\u2248 2, but that become the norm at higher redshift \u2013 are highly efficient ionizers, with extreme \u03beion and prolific fesc occurring in sync.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stab3601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T13:00:07Z","timestamp":1639054807000},"page":"4582-4607","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["The synchrony of production and escape: half the bright Ly\u03b1 emitters at <i>z<\/i>\u00a0\u2248 2 have Lyman continuum escape fractions \u224850"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"510","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3997-5705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohan P","family":"Naidu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2871-127X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorryt","family":"Matthee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, ETH Z\u00fcrich , Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Pascal A","family":"Oesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Chemin Pegasi 51, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland"},{"name":"Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 K\u00f8benhavn N, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Charlie","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sobral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0736-7879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Pezzulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen , Landleven 12, NL-9747 AD Groningen, the Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8587-218X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Astronomy and Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm University , SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Erb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3135\u00a0N Maryland Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5758-1000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Amor\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Serena , Ra\u00fal Bitr\u00e1n 1305, La Serena, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Astronom\u00eda, Universidad de La Serena , Av. 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