{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T08:19:17Z","timestamp":1740125957253,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19H01895","20K03951","20K03953","20K14512","20H04728","20H04742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H01895","20K03951","20K03953","20K14512","20H04728","20H04742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004423","name":"Waseda University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021C-197","2022C-140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021C-197","2022C-140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We present a new formulation to construct numerically equilibrium configurations of rotating stars in general relativity. Having in mind the application to their quasi-static evolutions on a secular time-scale, we adopt a Lagrangian formulation of our own devising, in which we solve force-balance equations to seek for the positions of fluid elements corresponding to the grid points, instead of the ordinary Eulerian formulation. Unlike previous works in the literature, we do not employ the first integral of the Euler equation, which is not obtained analytically in general. We assign a mass, specific angular momentum and entropy to each fluid element in contrast to the previous Eulerian methods, in which the spatial distribution of the angular velocity or angular momentum is specified. These distributions are determined after the positions of all fluid elements (or grid points) are derived in our formulation. We solve the large system of algebraic non-linear equations that are obtained by discretizing the time-independent Euler and Einstein equations in the finite-element method by using our new multidimensional root-finding scheme, named the W4 method. To demonstrate the capability of our new formulation, we construct some rotational configurations, both barotropic and baroclinic. As toy models, we also solve three evolutionary sequences that mimic the cooling, mass-loss, and mass-accretion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stad075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T12:12:29Z","timestamp":1673871149000},"page":"24-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A novel Lagrangian formulation to construct relativistic rotating stars: towards its application to their evolution calculations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"520","author":[{"given":"Hirotada","family":"Okawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Waseda Institute for Advanced Study(WIAS) , 1-21-1 Nishi-Waseda, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan"}]},{"given":"Kotaro","family":"Fujisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}]},{"given":"Nobutoshi","family":"Yasutake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, Chiba Institute of Technology , Chiba 275-0023, Japan"},{"name":"Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency , Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan"}]},{"given":"Misa","family":"Ogata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University , Tokyo 169-8555, Japan"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University , Tokyo 169-8555, Japan"}]},{"given":"Shoichi","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University , Tokyo 169-8555, Japan"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023013010401461600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"061102","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.116.061102","volume":"116","author":"Abbott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. 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