{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T08:20:31Z","timestamp":1740126031357,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000271","name":"STFC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ST\/W507908\/1","ST\/X000915\/1","ST\/T000252\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST\/W507908\/1","ST\/X000915\/1","ST\/T000252\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006129","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04434\/2020","UIDP\/04434\/2020","2022.03993.PTDC","2020.02480.CEECIND\/CP1631\/CT0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04434\/2020","UIDP\/04434\/2020","2022.03993.PTDC","2020.02480.CEECIND\/CP1631\/CT0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Stellar oscillations with frequencies below the acoustic cut-off frequency are confined within resonant cavities in the stellar interior. However, waves with frequencies above the cut-off are not trapped, and are free to propagate into the stellar atmosphere. In solar power spectra, this is observed as a regular, repeating peak-like structure. Known as pseudo-modes, few previous studies have identified and analysed their nature in stars other than our Sun. In this work, we aimed to identify the presence of the pseudo-modes in a sample of 91 ${\\it Kepler}$ stars, comprised mainly of the LEGACY sample and KOIs. To determine whether any statistically significant signal existed within the pseudo-modes, we utilised the power spectrum of the power spectrum (PSxPS) method. We generated a PSxPS for each star for a range of frequencies over which we expected to observe the pseudo-modes. Bootstrapping was then used to calculate the false alarm probability (FAP) for the peak at maximum PSxPS power. The presence of pseudo-modes was detected in 51 stars, which displayed a statistically significant peak (&amp;lt;5\u00a0per\u2009cent FAP) in the PSxPS. Over half had a peak at maximum power greater than the &amp;lt;1\u00a0per\u2009cent FAP level. We further examined the frequency of maximum PSxPS power, finding most stars had a frequency between one and one-half of the large frequency separation. Stars which showed evidence for a secondary significant (&amp;lt;5\u00a0per\u2009cent FAP) peak in the PSxPS were also recorded, and 19 stars were identified. The detection and characterisation of pseudo-modes may provide new insights into stellar magnetism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stae2747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T07:06:41Z","timestamp":1734073601000},"page":"3007-3015","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigation of oscillations above the acoustic cut-off frequency for a sample of <i>Kepler<\/i> stars. I. Methodology for detecting stellar pseudo-modes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"536","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4254-2676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L J","family":"Millson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics (CFSA) , Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5209-9378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A-M","family":"Broomhall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics (CFSA) , Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7195-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A R G","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Astrof\u00edsica e Ci\u00eancias do Espa\u00e7o , Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, P-4150-762 Porto ,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica e Astronomia , Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, PT4169-007 Porto ,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4166-5343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R","family":"Kiefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics , Ernst Mach Institute, EMI, Ernst-Zermelo-Stra\u00dfe 4, D-79104 Freiburg ,","place":["Germany"]}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/835\/2\/173","volume":"835","author":"Aguirre","year":"2017","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A54","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201218948","volume":"543","author":"Appourchaux","year":"2012","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A33","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201322068","volume":"558","author":"Astropy Collaboration","year":"2013","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/aabc4f","volume":"156","author":"Astropy Collaboration","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ac7c74","volume":"935","author":"Astropy Collaboration","year":"2022","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1086\/169262","volume":"362","author":"Balmforth","year":"1990","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s41116-016-0003-4","volume":"13","author":"Basu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Living Rev. Sol. Phys."},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1185402","volume":"327","author":"Borucki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-014-0101-3","volume":"186","author":"Broomhall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1086\/169725","volume":"368","author":"Brown","year":"1991","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.74.1073","volume":"74","author":"Christensen-Dalsgaard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stv2593","volume":"456","author":"Davies","year":"2015","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.aa.22.090184.003113","volume":"22","author":"Deubner","year":"1984","journal-title":"ARA&A"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1086\/170052","volume":"373","author":"Duvall","year":"1991","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1038\/345322a0","volume":"345","author":"Elsworth","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib16","first-page":"532","volume":"266","author":"Fossat","year":"1992","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L51","DOI":"10.1086\/311561","volume":"504","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"1998","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stu1823","volume":"445","author":"Handberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2649-2","volume":"585","author":"Harris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3389\/fspas.2020.00003","volume":"7","author":"Hekker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers Astron. Space Sci."},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1109\/MCSE.2007.55","volume":"9","author":"Hunter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1086\/176662","volume":"456","author":"Jain","year":"1996","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib23","first-page":"19","volume-title":"ESA SP 286: Seismology of the Sun and Sun-Like Stars","author":"Jefferies","year":"1988"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1086\/505105","volume":"646","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2006","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib25","first-page":"1119","volume":"329","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Reyes","year":"1998","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1086\/428879","volume":"623","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2005","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/743\/2\/99","volume":"743","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2011","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A74","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201526469","volume":"583","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2015","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2007.12340.x","volume":"381","author":"Karoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1086\/497530","volume":"635","author":"Kjeldsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5743","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stac647","volume":"512","author":"Kosak","year":"2022","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19928-8_1","volume-title":"Lecture Notes in Physics, Vol. 832, The Pulsations of the Sun and the Stars","author":"Kosovichev","year":"2011"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1086\/174291","volume":"428","author":"Kumar","year":"1994","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L35","DOI":"10.1086\/186082","volume":"375","author":"Kumar","year":"1991","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-53091-6_68","volume-title":"Lecture Notes in Physics, Vol. 367, Progress of Seismology of the Sun and Stars","author":"Kumar","year":"1990"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L29","DOI":"10.1086\/187204","volume":"422","author":"Kumar","year":"1994","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1086\/166855","volume":"334","author":"Libbrecht","year":"1988","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/345779a0","volume":"345","author":"Libbrecht","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00648343","volume":"39","author":"Lomb","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ap&SS"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/835\/2\/172","volume":"835","author":"Lund","year":"2017","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib41","first-page":"195","volume":"24","author":"Nigam","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bull. Astron. Soc. India"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib42","first-page":"253","volume":"224","author":"Pall\u00e9","year":"1989","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib43","first-page":"012029","volume":"271","author":"Rhodes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Conf. Ser."},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00712900","volume":"150","author":"Ronan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sol. Phys."},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4365\/aac9b6","volume":"237","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1086\/160554","volume":"263","author":"Scargle","year":"1982","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stv1388","volume":"452","author":"Silva\u00a0Aguirre","year":"2015","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1086\/190678","volume":"43","author":"Tassoul","year":"1980","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0686-2","volume":"17","author":"Virtanen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2025010217323202300_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/318449a0","volume":"318","author":"Woodard","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mnras\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/mnras\/stae2747\/61108023\/stae2747.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mnras\/article-pdf\/536\/3\/3007\/61108023\/stae2747.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mnras\/article-pdf\/536\/3\/3007\/61108023\/stae2747.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T17:32:48Z","timestamp":1735839168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mnras\/article\/536\/3\/3007\/7922860"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mnras\/stae2747","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-8711","1365-2966"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0035-8711"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1365-2966"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]}}}