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PRIME uses both focal and pupil-plane measurements to estimate jointly the model parameters related to the atmosphere [$C_n^2(h)$, seeing] and the AO system (e.g. optical gains and residual low-order errors). Photometry and astrometry are provided as by-products. The parametric model in use is flexible enough to be scaled with field location and wavelength, making it a proper choice for optimized on-axis and off-axis data-reduction across the spectrum. Here, we present the methodology and validate PRIME on engineering and binary Keck II telescope NIRC2 images. We also present applications of PSF model parameters retrieval using PRIME: (i) calibrate the PSF model for observations void of stars on the acquired images, i.e. optimize the PSF reconstruction process, (ii) update the AO error breakdown mutually constrained by the telemetry and the images in order to speculate on the origin of the missing error terms and evaluate their magnitude, and (iii) measure photometry and astrometry with an application to the triple system Gl569 images.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stz1667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,14]],"date-time":"2019-06-14T19:14:55Z","timestamp":1560539695000},"page":"5450-5462","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["PRIME: PSF Reconstruction and Identification for Multiple-source characterization Enhancement \u2013 application to Keck NIRC2 imager"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"487","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3465-6935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O","family":"Beltramo-Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ONERA, The French Aerospace Laboratory BP. 72, F-92322 Chatillon Cedex, France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, CNES LAM, 38 rue F. Joliot-Curie, F-13388 Marseille, France"}]},{"given":"C M","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W. M. Keck Observatory, 65-1120 Mamalahoa Hwy, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, CNES LAM, 38 rue F. Joliot-Curie, F-13388 Marseille, France"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Ragland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W. M. Keck Observatory, 65-1120 Mamalahoa Hwy, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Jolissaint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, 1401 Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Neichel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ONERA, The French Aerospace Laboratory BP. 72, F-92322 Chatillon Cedex, France"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Fusco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ONERA, The French Aerospace Laboratory BP. 72, F-92322 Chatillon Cedex, France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, CNES LAM, 38 rue F. Joliot-Curie, F-13388 Marseille, France"}]},{"given":"P L","family":"Wizinowich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W. M. 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