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The screening of 741,000 variants in 420 Arabians and 80 Iranians allowed us to quantify the dominant sub-Saharan African admixture in the west of the peninsula, whereas South Asian and Levantine\/European influence was stronger in the east, leading to a rift between western and eastern sides of the Peninsula. Dating of the admixture events indicated that Indian Ocean slave trade and Islamization periods were important moments in the genetic makeup of the region. The western\u2013eastern axis was also observable in terms of positive selection of diversity conferring lactose tolerance, with the West AP developing local adaptation and the East AP acquiring the derived allele selected in European populations and existing in South Asia. African selected malaria resistance through the DARC gene was enriched in all Arabian genomes, especially in the western part. Clear European influences associated with skin and eye color were equally frequent across the Peninsula.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msz005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]],"date-time":"2019-01-08T05:54:07Z","timestamp":1546926847000},"page":"575-586","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Genome-Wide Characterization of Arabian Peninsula Populations: Shedding Light on the History of a Fundamental Bridge between Continents"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3873-2034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S \u2013 Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IPATIMUP \u2013 Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Brucato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire \u00c9volution & Diversit\u00e9 Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, CNRS, IRD, UPS. 118 route de Narbonne, Bat 4R1, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France"}]},{"given":"Joana C","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S \u2013 Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IPATIMUP \u2013 Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Pedro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S \u2013 Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IPATIMUP \u2013 Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Cavadas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S \u2013 Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IPATIMUP \u2013 Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier","family":"Ricaut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire \u00c9volution & Diversit\u00e9 Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, CNRS, IRD, UPS. 118 route de Narbonne, Bat 4R1, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France"}]},{"given":"Farida","family":"Alshamali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Sciences and Criminology, Dubai Police General Headquarters, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S \u2013 Instituto de 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