{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T16:42:17Z","timestamp":1776184937225,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["217105\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["217105\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["203134\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203134\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["218448\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["218448\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101842\/Z13\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101842\/Z13\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trypanosomatids cause the neglected tropical diseases, sleeping sickness, Chagas disease and the leishmaniases. Studies on these lethal parasites would be further facilitated by new and improved genetic technologies. Scalable precision editing methods, for example, could be used to improve our understanding of potential mutations associated with drug resistance, a current priority given that several new anti-trypanosomal drugs, with known targets, are currently in clinical development. We report the development of a simple oligo targeting method for rapid and precise editing of priority drug targets in otherwise wild type trypanosomatids. In Trypanosoma brucei, approx. 50-b single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides were optimal, multiple base edits could be incorporated, and editing efficiency was substantially increased when mismatch repair was suppressed. Resistance-associated edits were introduced in T. brucei cyclin dependent kinase 12 (CRK12, L482F) or cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 3 (N232H), in the Trypanosoma cruzi proteasome \u03b25 subunit (G208S), or in Leishmania donovani CRK12 (G572D). We further implemented oligo targeting for site saturation mutagenesis, targeting codon G492 in T. brucei CRK12. This approach, combined with amplicon sequencing for codon variant scoring, revealed fourteen resistance conferring G492 edits encoding six distinct amino acids. The outputs confirm on-target drug activity, reveal a variety of resistance-associated mutations, and facilitate rapid assessment of potential impacts on drug efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T19:16:52Z","timestamp":1650482212000},"page":"e79-e79","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Oligo targeting for profiling drug resistance mutations in the parasitic trypanosomatids"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8268-0916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Altmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee The Wellcome Trust Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, , Dow Street , Dundee DD1 5EH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6388-514X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Rico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee The Wellcome Trust Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, , Dow Street , Dundee DD1 5EH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee The Wellcome Trust Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, , Dow Street , Dundee DD1 5EH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6763-2366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Ridgway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee The Wellcome Trust Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, , Dow Street , Dundee DD1 5EH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Trenaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee The Wellcome Trust Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, , Dow Street , Dundee DD1 5EH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5306-8226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee The Wellcome Trust Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, , Dow Street , Dundee DD1 5EH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0051-017X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Tinti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee The Wellcome Trust Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, , Dow Street , Dundee DD1 5EH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8810-5605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Wyllie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee The Wellcome Trust Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, , Dow Street , Dundee DD1 5EH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5173-9284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee The Wellcome Trust Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, , Dow Street , Dundee DD1 5EH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022081200011116400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.193","article-title":"Anti-trypanosomatid drug discovery: an ongoing challenge and a continuing need","volume":"15","author":"Field","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"2022081200011116400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0356-z","article-title":"Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 is a drug target for visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"560","author":"Wyllie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022081200011116400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5606","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.1c02104","article-title":"Repositioning of a diaminothiazole series confirmed to target the cyclin-dependent kinase CRK12 for use in the treatment of African animal trypanosomiasis","volume":"65","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2022081200011116400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9616","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1807915115","article-title":"Clinical and veterinary trypanocidal benzoxaboroles target CPSF3","volume":"115","author":"Wall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 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Sci."},{"key":"2022081200011116400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0326421","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03264-21","article-title":"Genomic and phenotypic characterization of experimentally selected resistant Leishmaniadonovani reveals a role for dynamin-1-like protein in the mechanism of resistance to a novel antileishmanial compound","volume":"13","author":"Hefnawy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mbio"},{"key":"2022081200011116400_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e526","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1236","article-title":"Mutations in an aquaglyceroporin as a proven marker of antimony clinical resistance in the parasite leishmaniadonovani","volume":"72","author":"Potvin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. 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