{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T15:57:55Z","timestamp":1772639875771,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vaccination programs are essential for the containment of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, which has hit haemodialysis populations especially hard. Early reports suggest a reduced immunologic response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in dialysis patients, in spite of a high degree of seroconversion. We aimed to identify risk factors for a reduced efficacy of an mRNA vaccine in a cohort of haemodialysis patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a multicentre study, including 294 Portuguese haemodialysis patients who had received two doses of BNT162b2 with a 3-week interval, immunoglobulin G-class antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were determined 3 weeks after the first dose (M1) and 6 weeks after the second dose (M2). The threshold for seroconversion was 10 UR\/mL. Demographic and clinical data were retrieved from a quality registry. Adverse events were registered using a questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At M2, seroconversion was 93.1% with a median antibody level of 197.5 U\/mL\u00a0(1.2\u20133237.0)\u00a0and\u00a0a median increase of 180.0 U\/mL\u00a0(\u221282.9 to 2244.6)\u00a0from\u00a0M1. Age [beta \u22128.9; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) \u221212.88 to \u22124.91; P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.0001], ferritin\u00a0&amp;gt;600 ng\/mL\u00a0(beta\u00a0183.93; 95% CI 74.75\u2013293.10; P\u00a0=\u00a00.001) and physical activity (beta 265.79; 95% CI 30.7\u2013500.88; P\u00a0=\u00a00.03) were independent predictors of SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels after two vaccine doses. Plasma albumin\u00a0&amp;gt;3.5 g\/dL\u00a0independently\u00a0predicted\u00a0the\u00a0increase of antibody levels between both doses (odds ratio 14.72; 95% CI 1.38 to 157.45; P\u00a0=\u00a00.03). Only mild adverse reactions were observed in 10.9% of patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2 is safe and effective in haemodialysis patients. Besides age, iron status and nutrition are possible modifiable modulators of the immunologic response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. These data suggest the need for an early identification of populations at higher risk for diminished antibody production and the potential advantage of the implementation of oriented strategies to maximize the immune response to vaccination in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfab293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T11:33:31Z","timestamp":1633606411000},"page":"375-381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Time-dependent evolution of IgG antibody levels after first and second dose of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in haemodialysis patients: a multicentre study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Carla","family":"Santos-Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diaverum AB, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research and Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Mota Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, School of Education, Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"NECE Research Unit in Business Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio Jo\u00e3o","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Serology of Unilabs, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diaverum Hemodialysis Unit of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hospital and University Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Rom\u00e3ozinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hospital and University Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Nefrovida Diaverum Hemodialysis Unit of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diaverum Hemodialysis Unit of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diaverum AB, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Mary Luz","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Serology of Unilabs, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Haarhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diaverum AB, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Haase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diaverum AB, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"},{"name":"Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany"},{"name":"Diaverum Renal Care Center, Potsdam, Germany"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Mac\u00e1rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diaverum AB, Malm\u00f6, 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