{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T20:51:34Z","timestamp":1776977494726,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The geochemical composition of ocean island basalts (OIBs) from the Azores (AZ) reflects the spatial distribution, shape and temporal evolution of small-scale geochemical heterogeneities within their mantle plume source. Here, we investigate the time-related evolution of volcanism at S\u00e3o Jorge Island, Central AZ. New field observations, a magnetic survey, 40Ar\/39Ar and 14C ages and geochemical data indicate that the fissural volcanic activity at S\u00e3o Jorge produced at least four main mafic volcanic complexes (V. C.). The oldest V. C., S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, produced the thickest lava piles at ca. 1.3\u00a0Ma in the eastern part of the island. After a period of quiescence, the Serra do Topo V. C. was produced at ca. 0.8\u20130.5\u00a0Ma in the central part of the island. The Rosais V. C. was emplaced between ca. 0.4 and 0.1\u00a0Ma on the entire island. Finally, the Holocene Manadas V.C. volcanism became active in the western part of the island and includes three historic eruptions (1580, 1808 and 1964\u00a0CE).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Magmas were formed at low melting degrees from a peridotitic mantle with possible minor contributions of recycled components. Olivine compositions and whole-rock trace element ratios discard a significant contribution from pyroxenitic source rocks. Melting temperatures (ca. 1420\u20131480\u00a0\u00b0C) were slightly higher than those of the ambient upper mantle. The four V.C. are characterized by distinct geochemical compositions in terms of incompatible trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic ratios. The oldest V.C., S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, is characterized by Pb isotopic compositions (e.g. markedly negative \u03947\/4 and 8\/4 values) plotting well below the Northern Hemisphere Reference Line (NHRL). The Upper Pleistocene (Rosais V.C.) lavas from the north-western cliffs have compositions similar to enriched mantle (EM) end-member basalts (e.g. high 207Pb\/204Pb at moderate 206Pb\/204Pb; high Ba\/Nb), which are rare among northern hemisphere OIBs. Finally, high 206Pb\/204Pb (up to 20), reflecting contribution from a HIMU-type component characterizes the Holocene Manadas lavas and is occasionally found in lavas from other VCs from 1.3 to 0.1\u00a0Ma. These findings indicate that magmas from S\u00e3o Jorge and the nearby Central AZ islands were sourced from a strongly heterogeneous mantle plume, which displayed localized filaments of heterogeneous material that were rapidly exhausted (in ca. 0.2\u00a0Ma). The dominant component at S\u00e3o Jorge and in the Central AZ in general appears to be the HIMU-type end-member, which instead is not significant in the Eastern AZ. Possibly, the Central and Eastern AZ were produced by distinct branches of the AZ mantle plume, as would also be consistent with previous tomographic studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/petrology\/egae122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T04:26:56Z","timestamp":1731904016000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Time-Dependent Evolution And Source Heterogeneities of Ocean Island Basalts From a Weak Plume, S\u00e3o Jorge, Azores"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0093-2759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Marzoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, Universit\u00e0 di Padova , Viale Universit\u00e0 16, 35020-Legnaro (PD),","place":["Italy"]}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Madeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDL - Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa , Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa ,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDL - Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa , Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa ,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"De Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Geosciences, University of Trieste , via Weiss 14, 34128 Trieste,","place":["Italy"]}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f2nio Brum","family":"da Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDL - Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa , Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa ,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Nasrrddine","family":"Youbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDL - Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa , Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa ,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences-Semlalia, Department of Geology, Cadi Ayyad University , 4000-Marrakech ,","place":["Morocco"]},{"name":"Faculty of Geology and Geography, Tomsk State University , Tomsk 634050 ,","place":["Russia"]}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDL - Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa , Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa ,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL \u2013 IPL) , R. Conselheiro Em\u00eddio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa ,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Bertrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Lyon, ENS-L, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, CNRS , 15 parvis Ren\u00e9 Descartes, 69342 Lyon ,","place":["France"]}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Chiaradia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva , 13, Rue des Mara\u00eechers1205 Gen\u00e8ve,","place":["Switzerland"]}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Jourdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Australian Argon Isotope Facility , School of Earth and Planetary Sciences and John de Laeter Centre for Isotope Research, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth WA6845,","place":["Australia"]}]},{"given":"Christine M","family":"Meyzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geoscience Department, Padova University , via G. Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova,","place":["Italy"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3932-7935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Callegaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Planetary Habitability (PHAB), University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1028 Blindern NO-0315 Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Geological, Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna , Via Zamboni, 33, 40126 Bologna ,","place":["Italy"]}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025031504263768700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03402","article-title":"Pb isotopes reveal bilateral asymmetry and vertical continuity in the Hawaiian plume","volume":"434","author":"Abouchami","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025031504263768700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014","article-title":"Mantle dynamics and characteristics of the Azores plateau","volume":"362","author":"Adam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Earth and Planetary Science 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