{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T11:21:20Z","timestamp":1761218480679,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651190400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A novel online distillation technique was developed for the XENON1T dark matter experiment to reduce intrinsic background components more volatile than xenon, such as krypton or argon, while the detector was operating. The method is based on a continuous purification of the gaseous volume of the detector system using the XENON1T cryogenic distillation column. A krypton-in-xenon concentration of (360\u00b160)ppq was achieved. It is the lowest concentration measured in the fiducial volume of an operating dark matter detector to date. A model was developed and fit to the data to describe the krypton evolution in the liquid and gas volumes of the detector system for several operation modes over the time span of 550\u00a0days, including the commissioning and science runs of XENON1T. The online distillation was also successfully applied to remove 37Ar after its injection for a low energy calibration in XENON1T. This makes the usage of 37Ar as a regular calibration source possible in the future. The online distillation can be applied to next-generation LXe TPC experiments to remove krypton prior to, or during, any science run. The model developed here allows further optimization of the distillation strategy for future large scale detectors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ptep\/ptac074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T11:11:26Z","timestamp":1650885086000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Application and modeling of an online distillation method to reduce krypton and argon in XENON1T"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Aprile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Agostini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"given":"S Ahmed","family":"Maouloud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LPNHE, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, CNRS\/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Alfonsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Physik & Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\u00e4t Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Althueser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Kernphysik, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster, 48149\u00a0M\u00fcnster, Germany"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Angelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy"}]},{"given":"J R","family":"Angevaare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nikhef and the University of 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