{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T19:50:39Z","timestamp":1776369039189,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Minist\u00e9rio da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Ci\u00eancia, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["SFRH\/BD\/119528\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/119528\/2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the association between sociodemographic data, physical activity, depression, anxiety, and stress, sleep, and self-reported symptoms of central sensitization at baseline, in asymptomatic adolescents, and the onset of pain at 6-months follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 252 asymptomatic adolescents were assessed at baseline with an online questionnaire that included sociodemographic data, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire; the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents; the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale for Children; the Basic Scale on Insomnia complaints and Quality of Sleep; and the Central Sensitization Inventory. The same questionnaire was repeated at 6-months follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 231 (91.7%) adolescents who completed the questionnaire at the follow-up, 127 (55.0%) remained asymptomatic and 88 (38.1%) reported a new onset of pain. At the 6-month follow-up, the mean (SD) number of painful body sites was 1.81 (1.04), and the neck region was the most reported (n\u2009=\u200929, 33%). Multivariable analysis showed that being female (OR\u2009=\u20092.34; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.28\u20134.27) and reporting more self-reported symptoms of central sensitization (OR\u2009=\u20091.04; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.01\u20131.07) were associated with the onset of chronic pain at follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Female sex and self-reported symptoms of central sensitization were considered risk factors for the onset of pain in adolescents but should be further explored in future studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Considering the increasing prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal pain in adolescents, understanding the factors that may be associated with its new onset may help to better design preventive strategies and thus minimize the appearance of this type of pain in adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzab286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T12:08:35Z","timestamp":1639742915000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Onset of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in High School Adolescents: Associated Factors and the Role of Symptoms of Central Sensitization"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2419-5642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Andias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago , Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) , Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4386-5851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabela Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago , Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS.UA) , University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023011808195259700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.07.016","article-title":"The epidemiology of chronic pain in children and adolescents revisited: a systematic review","volume":"152","author":"King","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"2023011808195259700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1590\/bjpt-rbf.2014.0149","article-title":"Musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents","volume":"20","author":"Kamper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brazilian J Phys Ther."},{"key":"2023011808195259700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001384","article-title":"Chronic pain as a symptom or a disease: the IASP classification of chronic pain for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11)","volume":"160","author":"Treede","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"2023011808195259700_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001390","article-title":"The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic primary pain","volume":"160","author":"Nicholas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"2023011808195259700_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7955-y","article-title":"Worse health status, sleeping problems, and anxiety in 16-year-old students are associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain at three-year follow-up","volume":"19","author":"Malmborg","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"2023011808195259700_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2640","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000685","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis of childhood and adolescent risk and prognostic factors for musculoskeletal pain","volume":"157","author":"Huguet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"2023011808195259700_ref7","article-title":"Are sleep problems a risk factor for the onset of musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents? 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