{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T21:48:26Z","timestamp":1757454506693,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,26]],"date-time":"2022-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BD128545\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BD128545\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) is one of the main tools used in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic response, including physical distancing, frequent hand washing, face mask use, respiratory hygiene and use of contact tracing apps. Literature on compliance with NPI during the COVID-19 pandemic is limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied this compliance and associated factors in Portugal, between 28th October 2020 and 11th January 2021 (Portuguese second and third waves of the pandemic), using logistic regressions. Data were collected through a web-based survey and included questions regarding NPI compliance, COVID-19-related concerns, perception of institutions\u2019 performance, agreement with the measures implemented and socio-demographic characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From the 1263 eligible responses, we found high levels of compliance among all COVID-19 related NPI, except for the contact tracing app. Females and older participants showed the highest compliance levels, whereas the opposite was observed for previously infected participants. There was heterogeneity of COVID-19 NPI compliance across Portuguese regions and a clear gradient between concern, government performance\u2019s perception or agreement and compliance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results suggested areas for further study with important implications for pandemic management and communication, for future preparedness, highlighting other factors to be accounted for when recommending policy measures during public health threats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdac001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T12:15:53Z","timestamp":1641471353000},"page":"47-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Factors associated with non-pharmaceutical interventions compliance during COVID-19 pandemic: a Portuguese cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4696-1002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Vasco","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS\u2014Department of Community Medicine , Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, , 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Porto , Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, , 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS\u2014Centre for Health Technology and Services Research , 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Public Health Unit, ACES Grande Porto VIII \u2013 Espinho\/Gaia, ARS Norte , 4405-535 VIla Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Gomes da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Economics and Finance , , 4200-464 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Porto , , 4200-464 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nova School of Business and Economics , , 2775-405 Carcavelos, Portugal"},{"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , , 2775-405 Carcavelos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nova School of Business and Economics , , 2775-405 Carcavelos, Portugal"},{"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , , 2775-405 Carcavelos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Cima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIPE - Centre for Research in Economics and Management , , 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Minho , , 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Pita-Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nova School of Business and Economics , , 2775-405 Carcavelos, Portugal"},{"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , , 2775-405 Carcavelos, Portugal"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,26]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Guidelines for Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions to Reduce the Impact of COVID-19 in the EU\/EEA and the UK","year":"2020","author":"ECDC 2020","key":"2023031519080012900_"},{"volume-title":"Informa\u00e7\u00e3o no. 009\/2020 de 13\/04\/2020 COVID-19: FASE DE MITIGA\u00c7\u00c3O\u2013Uso de M\u00e1scaras na Comunidade","year":"2020","author":"DGS 2020","key":"2023031519080012900_"},{"volume-title":"Di\u00e1rio da Rep\u00fablica. 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