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Based on a sample of researchers in a variety of scientific fields and geographical locations, this study contributes to a better understanding of who engages in peer reviewing activities. It uses three measures of peer reviewing activity (i.e. number of peer reviews, length of the referee report, and review-to-publication ratio) to create a typology of peer review engagement, and identifies three disproportionally sized clusters of peer review engagement: selfish reviewers (accounting for almost two-thirds of the sample), diligent referees (\u223c30%), and prolific reviewers (&amp;lt;4%). This typology also permits the identification of a specialization of peer reviewing based on the two main purposes of peer reviewing. Specifically, diligent referees focus on development and improvement, and prolific reviewers focus on gatekeeping and quality control. Demographic (age, gender), professional (academic inbreeding), organizational (resources), and dimensions of the strategic research agendas of researchers characterize all three of the clusters, often in diverse manners. The findings underline a concerning prevalence of an egotistical perspective, even among researchers who engage in peer reviewing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/reseval\/rvaf021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T04:12:01Z","timestamp":1747368721000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A typology of peer-reviewers: role, characteristics, and egoistic and altruistic perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Hugo","family":"Horta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Contexts and Policies of Education, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6414-6891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o M","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iscte\u2014Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Estudos de Sociologia (Cies_Iscte) , Lisbon, 1649-026,","place":["Portugal"]}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101314075698700_rvaf021-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-021-00118-2","article-title":"A Billion-Dollar Donation: Estimating the Cost of Researchers\u2019 Time Spent on Peer Review","volume":"6","author":"Aczel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Research Integrity and Peer Review"},{"key":"2025101314075698700_rvaf021-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/leap.1222","article-title":"What Does Better Peer Review Look like? 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