{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T19:52:38Z","timestamp":1778097158777,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006662","name":"NIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["08\/64\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["08\/64\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To compare the ultrasound characteristics with clinical features, final diagnosis and outcome; and to evaluate the halo size following glucocorticoid treatment in patients with newly diagnosed GCA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with suspected GCA, recruited from an international cohort, had an ultrasound of temporal (TA) and axillary (AX) arteries performed within 7 days of commencing glucocorticoids. We compared differences in clinical features at disease presentation, after 2 weeks and after 6 months, according to the presence or absence of halo sign. We undertook a cross-sectional analysis of the differences in halo thickness using Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient (r) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 345 patients with 6 months follow-up data were included; 226 (65.5%) had a diagnosis of GCA. Jaw claudication and visual symptoms were more frequent in patients with halo sign (P\u00a0=0.018 and P\u00a0=0.003, respectively). Physical examination abnormalities were significantly associated with the presence of ipsilateral halo (P\u00a0&amp;lt;0.05). Stenosis or occlusion on ultrasound failed to contribute to the diagnosis of GCA. During 7\u2009days of glucocorticoid treatment, there was a consistent reduction in halo size in the TA (maximum halo size per patient: r=\u22120.30, P\u00a0=0.001; and all halos r=\u22120.23, P\u00a0&amp;lt;0.001), but not in the AX (P\u00a0&amp;gt;0.05). However, the presence of halo at baseline failed to predict future ischaemic events occurring during follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In newly diagnosed GCA, TA halo is associated with the presence of ischaemic features and its size decreases following glucocorticoid treatment, supporting its early use as a marker of disease activity, in addition to its diagnostic role.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T11:21:13Z","timestamp":1585740073000},"page":"3717-3726","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Early variation of ultrasound halo sign with treatment and relation with clinical features in patients with giant cell arteritis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3989-1192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Ponte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte"},{"name":"Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon"}]},{"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Serafim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar Barreiro-Montijo, Barreiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1800-6772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Monti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Fondazione, Pavai"},{"name":"PhD in Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"}]},{"given":"Elisabete","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomathematics Laboratory, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Research Unit, ScHARR, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield"}]},{"given":"Surjeet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Piper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Hutchings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Musculoskeletal Radiology, Oxford, UK"}]},{"given":"Andreas P","family":"Diamantopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Martina Hansens Hospital, B\u00e6rum Oslo, Norway"}]},{"given":"Bhaskar","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Southend Hospital NHS Trust, Westcliff-on-Sea, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7831-8738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang A","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Medical Centre for Rheumatology Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Raashid Ahmed","family":"Luqmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020121319240402600_keaa196-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715","article-title":"2012 Revised International Chapel Hill consensus conference nomenclature of vasculitides","volume":"65","author":"Jennette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2020121319240402600_keaa196-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2007.09.008","article-title":"Epidemiology, imaging, and treatment of giant cell arteritis","volume":"75","author":"Devauchelle-Pensec","year":"2008","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"2020121319240402600_keaa196-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200009000-00001","article-title":"Visual manifestations of giant cell arteritis. 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