{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:08:40Z","timestamp":1777378120525,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FCT PD\/BD\/105785\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT PD\/BD\/105785\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Centre of Competence in Research","award":["51NF40-185897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51NF40-185897"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Visual backward masking (VBM) deficits are candidate endophenotypes of schizophrenia indexing genetic liability of the disorder. In VBM, a target is followed by a mask that deteriorates target perception. Schizophrenia patients and, to a lesser extent, their unaffected relatives show strong and reproducible VBM deficits. In patients, VBM deficits are associated with strongly decreased amplitudes in the evoked-related potentials (ERPs). Here, to unveil the neural mechanisms of VBM in schizophrenia, circumventing illness-specific confounds, we investigated the electroencephalogram correlates of VBM in unaffected siblings of schizophrenia patients. We tested 110 schizophrenia patients, 60 siblings, and 83 healthy controls. As in previous studies, patients showed strong behavioral deficits and decreased ERP amplitudes compared to controls. Surprisingly, the ERP amplitudes of siblings were even higher than the ones of controls, while their performances were similar. ERP amplitudes in siblings were found to correlate with performance. These results suggest that VBM is deteriorated in patients and siblings. However, siblings, unlike patients, can partially compensate for the deficits by over-activating a network of brain regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbz133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T20:10:17Z","timestamp":1576181417000},"page":"1009-1018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Neural Compensation Mechanisms of Siblings of Schizophrenia Patients as Revealed by High-Density EEG"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Janir R","family":"da Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute for Systems and Robotics \u2013 Lisbon (LARSyS) and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Albulena","family":"Shaqiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Roinishvili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vision Physiology, Beritashvili Centre of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia"},{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Free University of Tbilisi, Tbilisi, Georgia"}]},{"given":"Oph\u00e9lie","family":"Favrod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Eka","family":"Chkonia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Free University of Tbilisi, Tbilisi, Georgia"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Brand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Systems and Robotics \u2013 Lisbon (LARSyS) and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Michael H","family":"Herzog","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2020070810443018100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.4.636","article-title":"The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: etymology and strategic intentions","volume":"160","author":"Gottesman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"1","key":"2020070810443018100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbl049","article-title":"Deconstructing schizophrenia: an overview of the use of endophenotypes in order to understand a complex disorder","volume":"33","author":"Braff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"2020070810443018100_CIT0003","first-page":"303","article-title":"Information processing dysfunctions in schizophrenia: studies of visual backward masking, sensorimotor gating, and habituation","volume-title":"Handbook of Schizophrenia. 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