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We aimed to characterize napping patterns and their associated physiological changes across age groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used longitudinal wearable device data from 20\u2009027 individuals from the TemPredict Study to assess (1) napping frequency and timing and (2) distal skin temperature changes around naps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Older age groups napped more frequently and consistently throughout the week. Individuals aged 30\u201349\u00a0years showed the greatest increase in nap frequency from weekdays to weekends, whereas younger (18\u201319\u00a0years) and older (\u226560\u00a0years) age groups showed the smallest increases. Sleep timing and distal skin temperature rhythms appeared tightly coupled, even during the daytime. Both sleep timing and distal skin temperature rhythms appeared phase-delayed among younger age groups relative to older age groups. Distal skin temperature was higher during naps on weekends relative to weekdays. Older individuals (\u226565\u00a0years) had lower distal skin temperatures during naps relative to younger individuals (\u226430\u00a0years) (weekends: p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001; \u03b4\u2009=\u2009\u22120.20; weekdays: p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001; \u03b4\u2009=\u2009\u22120.19). Longer naps were generally associated with greater distal skin temperature before napping, especially among younger individuals (\u226430\u00a0years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed age-related differences in napping patterns and distal skin temperature around and during naps. Future research should examine whether such distal skin temperature changes around naps relate to sleep pressure and age-related disease risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsag077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T12:37:14Z","timestamp":1773751034000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age-related patterns in distal skin temperature during naps"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0894-9993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Severine","family":"Soltani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Hartogensis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Kasl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhasis","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6733-576X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Dilchert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zicklin School of Business, Baruch College, The City University of New York , New York, NY ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick M","family":"Hecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin L","family":"Smarr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Hal\u0131c\u0131o\u011flu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley E","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2026061512444548800_ref1","first-page":"313","article-title":"Temporal placement of a nap for alertness: contributions of circadian phase and prior wakefulness","volume":"10","author":"Dinges","year":"1987","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026061512444548800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2015.10.003","article-title":"Siesta by decree or sound policy to promote sleep health? 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