{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T23:27:56Z","timestamp":1790119676852,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research & Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom","award":["UKDRI-7206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UKDRI-7206"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wedp412","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research & Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom","award":["PP202216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PP202216"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wedp412","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre","award":["NIHR 203316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR 203316"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consumer sleep technologies (CSTs) enable low-burden longitudinal sleep monitoring, and their measures are often interpreted as equivalent to polysomnography (PSG) measures. We applied measurement reliability-aware approaches to determine whether CST-derived \u201csleep\u201d measures (1) are interchangeable or device-specific, (2) can reliably assess participant-level sleep characteristics and (3) converge onto interpretable principal components representing essential aspects of sleep.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from 74 older adults (20 people living with dementia) were collected at-home (total = 752 paired nights) using four modalities simultaneously: research-grade actigraphy (Axivity), a wearable (Withings Watch), a nearable (Withings Sleep Analyser) and Sleep Diary, followed by one in-lab PSG assessment. We applied Bland-Altman analyses, repeated-measures correlation analyses, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and principal component analysis (PCA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single-night between-device correlations and correlations with PSG were weak (r\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.3) for most measures but moderate (0.3\u2009\u2264\u2009r\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.7) for duration- and timing measures. Bland-Altman analyses revealed systematic disagreement with PSG, with total sleep time and sleep efficiency overestimated, wake after sleep onset underestimated, and poor agreement for sleep-stage durations. The number of nights required to obtain acceptable reliability (ICC\u2009\u2265\u20090.7) varied across measures, modalities and participant groups, with 71% of measures reaching an ICC \u2265\u20090.7 within seven nights. Reliability-filtered PCA yielded interpretable principal components, with Duration being the only sleep aspect showing consistent moderate between-device associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Correlation of most sleep measures across assessment modalities is poor, suggesting that the consumer sleep technologies tested in our study may not measure the same essential aspects of sleep. Duration was the only sleep aspect transferable between these devices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Is it possible to assess novel technology for monitoring sleep and daily rhythms in people living with mild dementia?; ISRCTN Identifier: ISRCTN10509121; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ISRCTN10509121.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsag231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T11:41:39Z","timestamp":1787398899000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Are different consumer sleep technologies measuring the same essential aspects of sleep?"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3051-0266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiran K G","family":"Ravindran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Dementia 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Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and University of Surrey , Guildford ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey , Guildford ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4111-1107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta M","family":"Pineda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and University of Surrey , Guildford ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey , Guildford ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9801-183X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramin","family":"Nilforooshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and University of Surrey , Guildford ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS Foundation Trust Surrey , Chertsey ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1492-3653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hana","family":"Hassanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and University of Surrey , Guildford ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Surrey Clinical Research Facility, University of Surrey , Guildford ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"NIHR Royal Surrey Clinical Research Facility, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust , Guildford ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8809-4587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Revell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and University of Surrey , Guildford ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey , Guildford ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5314-1008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derk-Jan","family":"Dijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and University of Surrey , Guildford ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey , Guildford ,","place":["United 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