{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T12:25:42Z","timestamp":1774355142257,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Palaeogeographic and tectonic rearrangements of rivers have significantly influenced the phylogeography of Iberian and North African freshwater fishes, but their impact remains unclear. We revisit the phylogeographic relationships and diversification timelines of Cobitis (spined loaches, family Cobitidae) on both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar. Sampling 230 sites across 41 river basins, we analysed genetic variability using haplotype networks of two mitochondrial (Cytb and COI) and two nuclear (S7 and RAG-1) genes. A time-calibrated multilocus phylogeny was constructed and compared with the evolution timeline of the Iberian hydrographic network. Our results indicate that Iberian and North African Cobitis are monophyletic at the mitochondrial, but not at the nuclear level. Three new mitochondrial lineages, potentially new species, were identified in Iberia (2) and Morocco (1). Most Iberian Cobitis show wide distributions and frequent sympatry in major basins. Diversification started in the Mid-Late Miocene (7.9\u20138.9 Mya), with major speciation during the Late Miocene\u2013Pliocene transition (6.5\u20135.7 Mya). Palaeographic changes in river basins, from endorheic to exorheic regimes, probably affected Cobitis speciation. Tectonic strike-slip faults probably influenced isolation, genetic mixing, and incomplete lineage sorting, particularly along Atlantic margins. These results highlight the interplay of geological and evolutionary processes in shaping freshwater fish diversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlag001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T12:18:29Z","timestamp":1768220309000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular insights into spined loaches (Cobitidae:\n                    <i>Cobitis<\/i>\n                    ) reveal the complex evolutionary history of freshwater fishes in the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"Anabel","family":"Perdices","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Biodiversdad y Biolog\u00eda Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC) , Madrid 28006,","place":["Spain"]}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Queir\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Universidade do Porto , Vair\u00e3o 4485-661,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO , Vair\u00e3o 4485-661,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto , Porto 4099-002,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"EBM\u2014Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Biol\u00f3gica de M\u00e9rtola, Pra\u00e7a Lu\u00eds de Cam\u00f5es , M\u00e9rtola 7750-329,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Maria Judite","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museu Nacional de Hist\u00f3ria Natural e da Ci\u00eancia, University of Lisbon , Lisbon 1250-102,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"cE3c\u2014Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon , Lisbon 1749-016,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Paulo C\u00e9lio","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Universidade do Porto , Vair\u00e3o 4485-661,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO , Vair\u00e3o 4485-661,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto , Porto 4099-002,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"EBM\u2014Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Biol\u00f3gica de M\u00e9rtola, Pra\u00e7a Lu\u00eds de Cam\u00f5es , M\u00e9rtola 7750-329,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Beja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Universidade do Porto , Vair\u00e3o 4485-661,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO , Vair\u00e3o 4485-661,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda , Lisboa 1349-017,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"David","family":"Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda (C. 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Gen\u00e9tica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM) , Madrid 28049,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global CIBC-UAM, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid , Madrid 28049,","place":["Spain"]}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Clavero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda de la Conservaci\u00f3n y Cambio Global, Estaci\u00f3n Biol\u00f3gica de Do\u00f1ana (EBD-CSIC) , Sevilla 41092,","place":["Spain"]}]},{"given":"Maria Manuela","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cE3c\u2014Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon , Lisbon 1749-016,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Ana Filipa","family":"Filipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon , Lisbon 1349-017,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Froufe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AEE- CIIMAR\/CIMAR\u2014Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto , Matosinhos 4450-208,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Maria Filomena","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cE3c\u2014Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon , Lisbon 1749-016,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Joana Garrido","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Universidade do Porto , Vair\u00e3o 4485-661,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO , Vair\u00e3o 4485-661,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto , Porto 4099-002,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Manuel","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cE3c\u2014Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon , Lisbon 1749-016,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"School of Agriculture, Santar\u00e9m Polytechnic University , Santar\u00e9m 2001-904,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Research Center in Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Santar\u00e9m Polytechnic University , Santar\u00e9m 2001-904,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Quim","family":"Pou-Rovira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorell\u00f3, Estudis al Medi Aqu\u00e0tic, Parc Cient\u00edfic i Tecnol\u00f2gic de la Universitat de Girona , Girona 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