{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T15:03:28Z","timestamp":1784127808583,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Scientific Societies","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plant Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> After harvest, apples (Malus \u00d7 domestica) may be kept in cold storage for up to 12 months prior to packing. Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea and blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum are common postharvest fruit rot diseases affecting apples and are controlled commonly by applications of fungicides after harvest. To search for an alternative strategy, Pristine (a premixed formulation of boscalid and pyraclostrobin) as a preharvest treatment was evaluated for control of postharvest gray mold and blue mold in cultivars Fuji and Red Delicious apples during 2004 to 2006. Pristine (0.36 g per liter of water) was applied 1, 7, or 14 days before harvest. For comparison, thiram (2.04 g per liter of water) was applied 7 days before harvest and ziram (2.4 g per liter of water) was applied 14 days before harvest, to Fuji and Red Delicious, respectively. Fruit were harvested at commercial maturity, wounded with a finishing nail head, inoculated with conidial suspensions of either B. cinerea or P. expansum, stored in air at 0\u00b0C, and evaluated for decay after 8 or 12 weeks. In 2004 and 2005, Pristine was equally effective when applied to Fuji 1 or 7 days before harvest, reducing gray mold incidence by 93 to 99% and blue mold incidence by 78 to 94% compared with the nontreated control. Thiram reduced gray mold incidence by 38 to 85%. Thiram reduced blue mold incidence by 22% in 2004 but not in 2005. On Red Delicious, Pristine was equally effective when applied 7 or 14 days before harvest and reduced gray mold incidence by 69 to 85% and blue mold incidence by 41 to 70%. Ziram applied 2 weeks before harvest reduced gray mold incidence by 97 and 94% in 2005 and 2006, respectively, but it did not reduce blue mold incidence. The results indicate that Pristine applied within 2 weeks before harvest may be an effective alternative to postharvest fungicides for control of postharvest gray mold and blue mold in Fuji and Red Delicious apples. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1094\/pdis-93-2-0185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,8]],"date-time":"2009-01-08T16:26:09Z","timestamp":1231431969000},"page":"185-189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Preharvest Application of a Boscalid and Pyraclostrobin Mixture to Control Postharvest Gray Mold and Blue Mold in Apples"],"prefix":"10.1094","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"C. L.","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, 1100 N. Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA 98801"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. J.","family":"Boal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, 1100 N. Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA 98801"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1665","reference":[{"key":"p_1","unstructured":"Adaskaveg, J. E., Forster, H., and Sommer, N. F. 2002. Principles of postharvest pathology and management of decays of edible horticultural crops. Pages 163-195 in: Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops. 3rd ed. A. A. Kader, ed. University of California Agricultural and Natural Resources, Publ. 3311."},{"key":"p_2","unstructured":"Anonymous, 2003. Pristine\u00aeFungicide. BASF Corporation. Research Triangle Park, NC, USA."},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.2007.01701.x"},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0261-2194(94)00016-2"},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-5214(02)00246-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"p_6","first-page":"1","author":"Brent K. J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"FRAC Monogr."},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2005.09.008"},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21273\/JASHS.124.6.690"},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf981176b"},{"key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1236"},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-92-6-0940"},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2007.06.022"},{"key":"p_13","unstructured":"Meheriuk, M. 1993. CA storage conditions for apples, pears, and nashi. Pages 819-841 in: Proc. Int. Controlled Atmosphere Res. Conf., 6th."},{"key":"p_14","unstructured":"Mitcham, E. J., and Mitchell, F. G. 2002. Postharvest handling systems: Pome fruits. Pages 333-344 in: Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops. 3rd ed. A. A. Kader, ed. University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publ. 3311."},{"key":"p_15","unstructured":"Pscheidt, J. W., Kenyon, G., and Bassinette, J. P. 2005. Fungicides for control of apple scab and powdery mildew, 2004. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 60:PF029."},{"key":"p_16","unstructured":"Rosenberger, D. A. 1990. Blue mold. Pages 54-55 in: Compendium of Apple and Pear Diseases. A. L. Jones and H. S. Aldwinckle, eds. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN."},{"key":"p_17","unstructured":"Rosenberger, D. A. 1990. Gray mold. Pages 55-56 in: Compendium of Apple and Pear Diseases. A. L. Jones and H. S. Aldwinckle, ed. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN."},{"key":"p_18","unstructured":"Rosenberger, D. A., Meyer, F. W., and Christiana, R. W. 2005. Summer disease control with Captan, Flint, Pristine, Sovran, and Topsin M, 2004. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 60:PF004."},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS.2003.87.9.1067"},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2004.07.011"},{"key":"p_21","unstructured":"Smith, T. J., Dunley, J., Beers, E. H., Brunner, J. F., Grove, G. G., Xiao, C. L., Elfving, D. C., Peryea, F., Parker, R., Mayer, D. F., Woodruff, R., Daniels, C., Maxwell, T., and Roberts, S. 2004. 2004 Crop Protection Guide for Tree Fruits in Washington. Washington State University Ext. Bull. (EB 0419)."},{"key":"p_22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-63-505"},{"key":"p_23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS.1999.83.11.1051"},{"key":"p_24","unstructured":"Sugar, D. 2002. Management of postharvest diseases. Chapter 9 in: Fruit Quality and its Biological Basis. M. Knee, ed. Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, UK."},{"key":"p_25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS.2003.87.10.1260"},{"key":"p_26","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2006. Accomplishments under the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA)-10th Anniversary of the Food Quality Protection Act. http:\/\/www.epa. gov\/pesticides\/regulating\/laws\/fqpa\/fqpa_accom plishments.htm. (accessed 17 April 2008)."},{"key":"p_27","unstructured":"Xiao, C. L., and Boal, R. J. 2005. Evaluation of fungicide programs for control of apple powdery mildew, 2004. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 60:PF026."}],"container-title":["Plant Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/apsjournals.apsnet.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1094\/PDIS-93-2-0185","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T18:46:11Z","timestamp":1640803571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/apsjournals.apsnet.org\/doi\/10.1094\/PDIS-93-2-0185"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1094\/PDIS-93-2-0185"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1094\/pdis-93-2-0185","relation":{},"ISSN":["0191-2917","1943-7692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0191-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-7692","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}}}