{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T02:15:06Z","timestamp":1773454506096,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Scientific Societies","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phytopathology\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus worldwide and is threatening the survival of the Floridian citrus industry. Currently, there is no established cure for this century-old and emerging disease. As a possible control strategy for citrus HLB, therapeutic compounds were screened using a propagation test system with \u2018Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus\u2019-infected periwinkle and citrus plants. The results demonstrated that the combination of penicillin and streptomycin (PS) was effective in eliminating or suppressing the \u2018Ca. L. asiaticus\u2019 bacterium and provided a therapeutically effective level of control for a much longer period of time than when administering either antibiotic separately. When treated with the PS, \u2018Ca. L. asiaticus\u2019-infected periwinkle cuttings achieved 70% of regeneration rates versus &lt;50% by other treatments. The \u2018Ca. L. asiaticus\u2019 bacterial titers in the infected periwinkle plants, as measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, decreased significantly following root soaking or foliar spraying with PS. Application of the PS via trunk injection or root soaking also eliminated or suppressed the \u2018Ca. L. asiaticus\u2019 bacterium in the HLB-affected citrus plants. This may provide a useful tool for the management of citrus HLB and other Liberibacter-associated diseases. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1094\/phyto-09-10-0262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,11]],"date-time":"2011-08-11T21:31:55Z","timestamp":1313098315000},"page":"1097-1103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Chemical Compounds Effective Against the Citrus Huanglongbing Bacterium \u2018<i>Candidatus<\/i> Liberibacter asiaticus\u2019 In Planta"],"prefix":"10.1094","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Muqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenli","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ed","family":"Stover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongping","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1665","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-93-1-0108C"},{"key":"p_2","first-page":"4007","volume":"8","author":"Abdullah T. L.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Malaysia. Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.1086\/340247","volume":"34","author":"Anne M. V.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"p_4","unstructured":"Aubert, B. 1990. Integrated activities for the control of Huanglongbinggreening and its vector Diaphorina citri Kuwayama in Asia. Pages 133-144 in: Rehabilitation of Citrus Industry in the Asia Pacific Region. Proc. Asia-Pac. Int. Conf. Citri Culture. B. Aubert, S. Tontyaporn, and D. Buangsuwon, eds. Chiang Mai, Thailand."},{"key":"p_5","first-page":"817","volume":"2","author":"Aubert B.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Int. Soc. Citricult."},{"key":"p_6","first-page":"440","volume":"1","author":"Aubert B.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc. Int. Soc. Citricult."},{"key":"p_7","unstructured":"Bassanezi, R. B., Montesino, L. H., Amorim, L., Gasparoto, M. C. G., and Bergamin-Filho, A. 2008. Yield reduction caused by Huanglongbing in different sweet orange cultivars in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. Pages 270-273 in: Proc. Int. Res. Conf. Huanglongbing, Orlando, FL."},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-009-9506-3"},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pp.08.060157.002213"},{"key":"p_10","unstructured":"Brlansky, R. H., Dewdney, M. M., Rogers, M. E., and Chung, K. R. 2009. Huanglongbing (citrus greening). Florida Citrus Pest Management Guide. Publication number PP-225. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville. Online: http:\/\/edis.ifas.ufl.edu\/CG086."},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catling, H. D., and Atkinson, P. R. 1974. Spread of greening by Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) in Swaziland. Pages 33-39 in: Proc. 6th Conf. Int. Organ. Citrus Virol. L. G. Weathers and M. Cohen, eds. IOCV, Div. Agric. Sci. Univ. Calif. Riverside.","DOI":"10.5070\/C523K2F1D4"},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chadwick, D. J., and Goode, J. 1997. Antibiotic Resistance: Origins, Evolution, Selection, and Spread. Ciba Foundation Symposium 207. John Wiley and Sons, New York.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470515358"},{"key":"p_13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-85-324"},{"key":"p_14","unstructured":"Chiu, R. J., Tsai, M. Y., and Huang, C. H. 1979. Distribution of retention of tetracycline in healthy and likubin infected citrus trees following trunk transfusion. Pages 43-152 in: Proc. ROC-USA Coop. Sci. Semin. Mycoplasma Dis. Plants. National Science Council for Symposium Service, Taipei, Taiwan."},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00029-07"},{"key":"p_16","unstructured":"FAO. 2003. Food and fertilizer technology centre for the Asian and pacific region, citrus greening and virus diseases of citrus, 2003-06-01. http:\/\/www.agnet.org\/library\/ac\/2002d\/."},{"key":"p_17","unstructured":"Gatineau, F., Loc, H. T., Tuyen, N. D., Tuan, T. M., Hien, N. T. D., and Truc, N. T. N. 2006. Effects of two insecticide practices on population dynamics of Diaphorina citri and Huanglongbing incidence in South Vietnam. Page 110 in: Proc. Huanglongbing Greening Int. Workshop, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil."},{"key":"p_18","unstructured":"Goodman, R. N. 1959. The influence of antibiotics on plants and plant disease control. Pages 322-448 in: Antibiotics: Their Chemistry and Non-Medical Uses. H. S. Goldberg, ed. D. van Nostrand and Company, Inc., Princeton, NJ."},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-073009-114418"},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gottwald, T. R., da Graca, J. V., and Bassanezi, R. B. 2007. Citrus Huanglongbing: the pathogen and its impact. Online. Plant Health Progress doi: 10.1094\/PHP-2007-0906-01.","DOI":"10.1094\/PHP-2007-0906-01-RV"},{"key":"p_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gra\u00e7a, J., and Korsten, L. 2004. Citrus Huanglongbing: review, present status and future strategies. Pages 229-245 in: Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables. Vol. I, Diagnosis and Management. SAMH Naqui, Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrecht.","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-2606-4_4"},{"key":"p_22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2438570"},{"key":"p_23","first-page":"330","volume":"87","author":"Halbert S. E.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Entomol."},{"key":"p_24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS.2003.87.7.756"},{"key":"p_25","first-page":"524","volume":"63","author":"Leonard G. C.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci."},{"key":"p_26","first-page":"46","volume":"278","author":"Levy S. B.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am."},{"key":"p_27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2005.10.018"},{"key":"p_28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-92-6-0854"},{"key":"p_29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.60.3.873"},{"key":"p_30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-84-627"},{"key":"p_31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.40.120301.093927"},{"key":"p_32","unstructured":"NRC2010. Strategic Planning for the Florida Citrus Industry: Addressing Citrus Greening. National Academies Press, Washington, D.C."},{"key":"p_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roistacher, C. N. 1996. The economics of living with citrus diseases: Huanglongbing (greening) in Thailand. Pages 279-285 in: Proc. 13th Conf. Int. Organ. Citrus Virol. P. Moreno, J. V. da Gra\u00e7a, and R. K. Yokomi, eds. IOCV, Riverside, CA.","DOI":"10.5070\/C53KG8M6JR"},{"key":"p_34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-69-565"},{"key":"p_35","first-page":"747","volume":"55","author":"Schwarz R. E.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Plant Dis. Rep."},{"key":"p_36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.51.110104.150959"},{"key":"p_37","unstructured":"Su, H. J., and Chang, S. C. 1974. Electron microscopical study on the heat and tetracycline response, and ultra-structure of the pathogen complex causing citrus likubin disease. Pages 628-629 in: Proc. 8th Int. Congr. Electron Microscopy, Vol. 2., Canberra, Australia."},{"key":"p_38","unstructured":"Supriyanto, A., and Whittle, A. M. 1991. Citrus rehabilitation in Indonesia. Pages 409-413 in: Proc. 11th Conf. IOCV. IOCV. Riverside, CA."},{"key":"p_39","unstructured":"Sutton, B., Duan, Y. P., Halbert, S., Sun, X. A., Schubert, T., and Dixon, W. 2005. Detection and identification of citrus Huanglongbing (greening) in Florida, USA. 2005. Page 59 in: Proc. Second Int. Citrus Canker Huanglongbing Res. Workshop, Orlando, FL."},{"key":"p_40","first-page":"77","volume":"9","author":"Van Vuuren S. P.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Phytophylactica"},{"key":"p_41","first-page":"358","volume":"61","author":"Van Vuuren S. P.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Plant Dis. Rep."},{"key":"p_42","first-page":"623","volume":"42","author":"Waksman S. A.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med."},{"key":"p_43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-100-3-0239"}],"container-title":["Phytopathology\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/apsjournals.apsnet.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1094\/PHYTO-09-10-0262","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T23:56:57Z","timestamp":1640822217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/apsjournals.apsnet.org\/doi\/10.1094\/PHYTO-09-10-0262"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1094\/PHYTO-09-10-0262"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1094\/phyto-09-10-0262","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-949X","1943-7684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-949X","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-7684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}}}