{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T23:40:26Z","timestamp":1768002026145,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Scientific Societies","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phytopathology\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The European chestnut (Castanea sativa) is threatened by the hemibiotrophic oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi, the causal agent of ink disease. Chestnut species have different susceptibility levels to P. cinnamomi, with the Asian species (C. crenata; C. mollissima) exhibiting the highest level of resistance. A histological approach was used to study the responses exhibited by susceptible and resistant chestnut genotypes by characterizing the early stages of P. cinnamomi infection and the cellular responses it induces in roots. C. sativa (susceptible) and C. crenata (resistant) plantlets were inoculated with a P. cinnamomi virulent isolate with a zoospore suspension or by direct contact with mycelia agar pieces. Root samples were collected at 0.5, 3.5, 24, 48, and 72 h after inoculation (hai) for microscopic observations. Penetration was observed in both species at 0.5 and 3.5 hai with mycelium and zoospore inoculations, respectively. In both inoculation methods, following penetration into the rhizodermis, P. cinnamomi hyphae grew inter- and intracellularly through the cortex and into the vascular cylinder. C. crenata cells displayed a delay in the pattern of infection by having fewer cell layers colonized compared with C. sativa. At 72 hai, the collapse of the first layers of C. sativa cortical cells was observed, indicating the beginning of necrotrophy. C. crenata was able to respond more efficiently to P. cinnamomi than C. sativa by restricting the pathogen\u2019s growth area through the early activation of resistance responses such as callose deposition around some intracellular hyphae, hypersensitive response-like cell death, cell wall thickening, and accumulation of phenolic-like compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1094\/phyto-04-20-0115-r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T14:34:28Z","timestamp":1596638068000},"page":"345-355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A Histopathological Study Reveals New Insights Into Responses of Chestnut (<i>Castanea<\/i>spp.) to Root Infection by<i>Phytophthora cinnamomi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1094","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2685-6347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria I.P., Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier (Green-it Unit), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria I.P., Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria do C\u00e9u","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras 2784-505, Portugal"},{"name":"Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1349-017, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9503-6126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita Louren\u00e7o","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria I.P., Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1349-017, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1665","reference":[{"key":"b1","first-page":"43","volume-title":"NATO\/Science for Stability Programme Report","author":"Abreu C.","year":"1999"},{"key":"b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12821","volume":"20","author":"Balint-Kurti P.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. 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