{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T12:29:10Z","timestamp":1788956950679,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.113.112540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,28]],"date-time":"2013-11-28T04:26:57Z","timestamp":1385612817000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Inhibitory Effect of Progesterone on Cervical Tissue Formation in a Three-Dimensional Culture System with Human Cervical Fibroblasts1"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"House","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serkalem","family":"Tadesse-Telila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Errol R.","family":"Norwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Socrate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R01","article-title":"March of Dimes, PMNCH, Save the Children, WHO. Born Too Soon: The Global Action Report on Preterm Birth. CP Howson, MV Kinney, JE Lawn (eds.)","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geneva: World Health Organization"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R02","volume-title":"Preterm Birth: Causes, Consequences, and Prevention","author":"National Research Council","year":"2007"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4","article-title":"Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth","volume":"371","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.02.004","article-title":"Care for women with prior preterm birth","volume":"203","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602293340904","article-title":"The length of the cervix and the risk of spontaneous premature delivery","volume":"334","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.11.1340","article-title":"Mid-trimester endovaginal sonography in women at high risk for spontaneous preterm birth","volume":"286","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R07","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.03.010","article-title":"Progesterone and preterm birth prevention: translating clinical trials data into clinical practice","volume":"206","author":"Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Publications Committee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R08","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.04.021","article-title":"Universal maternal cervical length screening during the second trimester: pros and cons of a strategy to identify women at risk of spontaneous preterm delivery","volume":"207","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R09","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067815","article-title":"Progesterone and the risk of preterm birth among women with a short cervix","volume":"357","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.9017","article-title":"Vaginal progesterone reduces the rate of preterm birth in women with a sonographic short cervix: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"38","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2009.06.002","article-title":"Relationships between mechanical properties and extracellular matrix constituents of the cervical stroma during pregnancy","volume":"33","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199506000-00009","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of cervical ripening","volume":"38","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-11-0466","article-title":"Cervical remodeling in term and preterm birth: insights from an animal model","volume":"143","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-956777","article-title":"Dynamics of cervical remodeling during pregnancy and parturition: mechanisms and current concepts","volume":"25","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/6.4.382","article-title":"Studies of cervical ripening in pregnant rats: effects of various treatments","volume":"6","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Hum Repro"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.089599","article-title":"Cervical softening during pregnancy-regulated changes in collagen cross-linking and composition of matricellular proteins in the mouse","volume":"84","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2007.04.009","article-title":"Mechanical and biochemical properties of human cervical tissue","volume":"4","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"021003","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3197847","article-title":"Study of the anisotropy and tension\/compression behavior of human cervical tissue","volume":"132","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-07-0032","article-title":"Cervical remodeling during pregnancy and parturition: molecular characterization of the softening phase in mice","volume":"134","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/6.7.661","article-title":"Effects of progesterone on prostaglandin E(2)-induced changes in glycosaminoglycan synthesis by human cervical fibroblasts in culture","volume":"6","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.31.1.522","article-title":"17Beta-estradiol, its metabolites, and progesterone inhibit cardiac fibroblast growth","volume":"31","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000187016.06549.96","article-title":"Sex steroids modulate human aortic smooth muscle cell matrix protein deposition and matrix metalloproteinase expression","volume":"46","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R23","first-page":"268","article-title":"Combined effects of estrogen and progesterone on the anterior cruciate ligament","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908263410906","article-title":"The control of labor","volume":"341","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R25","first-page":"514","article-title":"Endocrine and paracrine regulation of birth at term and preterm","volume":"21","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719110382922","article-title":"Progesterone receptors in the human pregnancy uterus: do they hold the key to birth timing?","volume":"18","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9518","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1633616100","article-title":"A decline in the levels of progesterone receptor coactivators in the pregnant uterus at term may antagonize progesterone receptor function and contribute to the initiation of parturition","volume":"100","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590310001651777","article-title":"Differential regulation of the progesterone receptor A and B in the human uterine cervix at parturition","volume":"18","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R29","first-page":"981","article-title":"The parturition defect in steroid 5alpha-reductase type 1 knockout mice is due to impaired cervical ripening","volume":"13","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(88)90102-3","article-title":"Induced cervical ripening with mifepristone in first trimester abortion. A double-blind randomized biomechanical study","volume":"38","year":"1988","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R31","first-page":"543","article-title":"Mifepristone for preinduction cervical ripening beyond 41 weeks' gestation: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"96","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/6.4.375","article-title":"Human cervical ripening, an inflammatory process mediated by cytokines","volume":"6","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138413","article-title":"Cervical ripening with the cytokines interleukin 8, interleukin 1 beta and tumour necrosis factor alpha in guinea-pigs","volume":"9","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.3.586","article-title":"Leukocyte subpopulations in the human uterine cervical stroma at early and term pregnancy","volume":"12","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2003.10.693","article-title":"Medroxyprogesterone acetate, but not progesterone, protects against inflammation-induced parturition and intrauterine fetal demise","volume":"190","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.013698","article-title":"Progesterone represses interleukin-8 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 in human lower segment fibroblast cells and amnion epithelial cells","volume":"69","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.01.020","article-title":"Prevention of preterm birth by progestational agents: what are the molecular mechanisms?","volume":"208","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.03.025","article-title":"Pharmacologic actions of progestins to inhibit cervical ripening and prevent delivery depend on their properties, the route of administration, and the vehicle","volume":"202","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.044891","article-title":"Timing of neutrophil activation and expression of proinflammatory markers do not support a role for neutrophils in cervical ripening in the mouse","volume":"74","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2010.01.011","article-title":"Cervical remodeling during pregnancy and parturition","volume":"21","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)91415-3","article-title":"A comparison of misoprostol and prostaglandin E2 gel for preinduction cervical ripening and labor induction","volume":"172","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-6980(93)90114-M","article-title":"Biochemical changes in human cervical connective tissue after intracervical application of prostaglandin E2","volume":"45","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prostaglandins"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.2.245","article-title":"Nitric oxide as the final metabolic mediator of cervical ripening","volume":"13","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)01289-6","article-title":"Randomised trial of nitric oxide donor versus prostaglandin for cervical ripening before first-trimester termination of pregnancy","volume":"352","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod59.4.795","article-title":"Role of relaxin and estrogen in the control of eosinophilic invasion and collagen remodeling in rat cervical tissue at term","volume":"59","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2009.0457","article-title":"Cervical tissue engineering using silk scaffolds and human cervical cells","volume":"16","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2011.0309","article-title":"Oxygen tension and formation of cervical-like tissue in two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture","volume":"18","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.07.044","article-title":"Three-dimensional aqueous-derived biomaterial scaffolds from silk fibroin","volume":"26","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1040007","article-title":"Non-protein-bound oestradiol and progesterone in human peripheral plasma before labour and delivery","volume":"104","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1290\/1071-2690(2000)036<0327:EAICPO>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Excitability and isometric contractile properties of mammalian skeletal muscle constructs engineered in vitro","volume":"36","year":"2000","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.05.015","article-title":"Beyond cervical length: emerging technologies for assessing the pregnant cervix","volume":"207","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"026020","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3381184","article-title":"Second harmonic generation imaging as a potential tool for staging pregnancy and predicting preterm birth","volume":"15","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"021024","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4023380","article-title":"Direct measurement of the permeability of human cervical tissue","volume":"135","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.9073","article-title":"Universal cervical-length screening and vaginal progesterone prevents early preterm births, reduces neonatal morbidity and is cost saving: doing nothing is no longer an option","volume":"38","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719110396721","article-title":"Controlled fine needle biopsy of the uterine cervix during pregnancy","volume":"18","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"(543)","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R56","first-page":"e541","article-title":"Androgen-regulated cervical ripening: a structural, biomechanical, and molecular analysis","volume":"198","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-08-0417","article-title":"The hormonal induction of cervical remodeling in the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus)","volume":"137","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.5.1080","article-title":"The role of hyaluronic acid as a mediator and regulator of cervical ripening","volume":"12","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.10.2093","article-title":"Cervical ripening in guinea-pigs after a local application of nitric oxide","volume":"12","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719108325757","article-title":"Medroxyprogesterone acetate modulates remodeling, immune cell census, and nerve fibers in the cervix of a mouse model for inflammation-induced preterm birth","volume":"16","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gal117","article-title":"The importance of fibroblasts in remodelling of the human uterine cervix during pregnancy and parturition","volume":"13","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gan060","article-title":"Different secretion patterns of matrix metalloproteinases and IL-8 and effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone in preterm and term cervical fibroblasts","volume":"14","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719111419246","article-title":"Interleukin 1beta regulates progesterone metabolism in human cervical fibroblasts","volume":"19","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2011.01094.x","article-title":"Progesterone modulates the expression of interleukin-6 in cultured term human uterine cervical fibroblasts","volume":"67","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2011.12.024","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of proteoglycan and progesterone on human uterine cervical fibroblasts","volume":"90","year":"2012","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-1105","article-title":"The molecular mechanisms of cervical ripening differ between term and preterm birth","volume":"152","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224045540_R67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-70-1-181","article-title":"Uterine estrogen receptors are increased by RU486 in late pregnant rhesus macaques but not after spontaneous labor","volume":"70","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Biology of Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article-pdf\/90\/1\/18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]],"date-time":"2017-08-24T11:01:12Z","timestamp":1503572472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1095\/biolreprod.113.112540"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod.113.112540","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3363","1529-7268"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3363","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-7268","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]}}}