{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:23:24Z","timestamp":1791181404466,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.122887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,15]],"date-time":"2015-01-15T03:31:14Z","timestamp":1421292674000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Progesterone-Based Intrauterine Device Use Is Associated with a Thinner Apical Layer of the Human Ectocervical Epithelium and a Lower ZO-1 mRNA Expression1"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Annelie","family":"Tjernlund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann M.","family":"Carias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Gustafsson-Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"R\u00f6hl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pernilla","family":"Petersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Introini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Hope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Broliden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0001","volume-title":"World Contraceptive Patterns","year":"2013"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00930.x","article-title":"Hormonal contraception and HIV-1 transmission","volume":"65","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2012.0271","article-title":"Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate increases immune cell numbers and activation markers in human vaginal mucosal tissues","volume":"29","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90279-1","article-title":"Determinants of cervical ectopia and of cervicitis: age, oral contraception, specific cervical infection, smoking, and douching","volume":"173","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12252","article-title":"Regulation of mucosal immunity in the female reproductive tract: the role of sex hormones in immune protection against sexually transmitted pathogens","volume":"72","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32836290b6","article-title":"Hormonal contraception decreases bacterial vaginosis but oral contraception may increase candidiasis: implications for HIV transmission","volume":"27","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(00)00132-3","article-title":"The effect upon the human vaginal histology of the long-term use of the injectable contraceptive Depo-Provera","volume":"62","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(00)00155-4","article-title":"Effects of oral contraceptive pill use on vaginal flora and vaginal epithelium","volume":"62","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0009","first-page":"571","article-title":"Influence of hormonal contraceptives on the immune cells and thickness of human vaginal epithelium","volume":"102","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(99)00058-X","article-title":"The effect of one injection of Depo-Provera on the human vaginal epithelium and cervical ectopy","volume":"60","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0011","first-page":"431","article-title":"Depomedroxyprogesterone-induced hypoestrogenism and changes in vaginal flora and epithelium","volume":"96","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12209","article-title":"Research gaps in defining the biological link between HIV risk and hormonal contraception","volume":"72","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6830.809","article-title":"Comparison of female to male and male to female transmission of HIV in 563 stable couples","volume":"304","author":"European Study Group on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV","year":"1992","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328270388a","article-title":"Hormonal contraceptive use, herpes simplex virus infection, and risk of HIV-1 acquisition among Kenyan women","volume":"21","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu113","article-title":"Injectable and oral contraceptives and risk of HIV acquisition in women: an analysis of data from the MDP301 trial","volume":"29","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70247-X","article-title":"Use of hormonal contraceptives and risk of HIV-1 transmission: a prospective cohort study","volume":"12","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1086\/515654","article-title":"Hormonal contraception, sexually transmitted diseases, and risk of heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1","volume":"178","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1096-1084","article-title":"Progesterone implants enhance SIV vaginal transmission and early virus load","volume":"2","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3280117c8b","article-title":"Hormonal contraception and the risk of HIV acquisition","volume":"21","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2008.03.015","article-title":"Incidence of sexually transmitted infections among HIV-infected women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate contraception","volume":"78","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.2.233","article-title":"Cofactors in male-female sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1","volume":"163","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199608150-00010","article-title":"Determinants of HIV infection among female commercial sex workers in northeastern Thailand: results from a longitudinal study","volume":"12","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0023","article-title":"World Health Organization, Department of Reproductive Health and Research","author":"Programmatic and Research Considerations for Hormonal Contraception for Women at Risk of HIV and Women Living with HIV [Internet]"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.5.1218","article-title":"Morphological and functional features of endometrial decidualization following long-term intrauterine levonorgestrel delivery","volume":"13","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.56.4.305","article-title":"The effects of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (Mirena coil) on endometrial morphology","volume":"56","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/00004347-198609000-00005","article-title":"Endometrial morphology during long-term use of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices","volume":"5","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12230","article-title":"The structure of the human vaginal stratum corneum and its role in immune defense","volume":"71","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700865","article-title":"Tight junctions\/adherens junctions: basic structure and function","volume":"127","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2007.07.012","article-title":"Adherens and tight junctions: structure, function and connections to the actin cytoskeleton","volume":"1778","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.02.014","article-title":"Reductions in claudin-1 may enhance susceptibility to herpes simplex virus 1 infections in atopic dermatitis","volume":"128","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181a74f89","article-title":"Abundant and superficial expression of C-type lectin receptors in ectocervix of women at risk of HIV infection","volume":"51","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.108857","article-title":"Epithelial cell layer thickness and immune cell populations in the normal human vagina at different stages of the menstrual cycle","volume":"183","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)01796-4","article-title":"Progesterone increases the number of Langerhans cells in human vaginal epithelium","volume":"75","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-009-0004-1","article-title":"HIV infection of the genital mucosa in women","volume":"6","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0035","first-page":"1565","article-title":"Slumbering mucosal immune response in the cervix of human papillomavirus DNA-positive and -negative women","volume":"37","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F123","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199811000-00004","article-title":"Early reduction of immune activation in lymphoid tissue following highly active HIV therapy","volume":"12","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11388","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01377-13","article-title":"Defining the interaction of HIV-1 with the mucosal barriers of the female reproductive tract","volume":"87","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro729","article-title":"Inhibiting sexual transmission of HIV-1 infection","volume":"1","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.090423","article-title":"Structure and function of intercellular junctions in human cervical and vaginal mucosal epithelia","volume":"85","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0040","first-page":"S125","article-title":"Effects of two progestin-only contraceptives, Depo-Provera and Norplant-II, on the vaginal epithelium of rhesus monkeys","volume":"14","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1086\/315776","article-title":"Estrogen protects against vaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus","volume":"182","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000131393.76221.cc","article-title":"Topical estrogen protects against SIV vaginal transmission without evidence of systemic effect","volume":"18","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1936.02770130001001","article-title":"Are there cyclic changes in the human vaginal mucosa?","volume":"106","year":"1936","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0044","first-page":"381","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate contraception","volume":"41","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000852","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000852","article-title":"Exposure to HIV-1 directly impairs mucosal epithelial barrier integrity allowing microbial translocation","volume":"6","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20764","article-title":"Rhinovirus infection-induced alteration of tight junction and adherens junction components in human nasal epithelial cells","volume":"120","year":"2010","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-080709-124959","article-title":"Early events in sexual transmission of HIV and SIV and opportunities for interventions","volume":"62","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2003.01623.x","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus receptor and coreceptor expression on human uterine epithelial cells: regulation of expression during the menstrual cycle and implications for human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"109","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(01)00125-5","article-title":"Oral contraceptive use induces upregulation of the CCR5 chemokine receptor on CD4(+) T cells in the cervical epithelium of healthy women","volume":"54","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.043133","article-title":"Immunological microenvironments in the human vagina and cervix: mediators of cellular immunity are concentrated in the cervical transformation zone","volume":"73","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021147_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2004.01990.x","article-title":"Chemokine receptor expression in the human ectocervix: implications for infection by the human immunodeficiency virus-type I","volume":"113","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunology"}],"container-title":["Biology of Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article-pdf\/92\/3\/68","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T01:03:32Z","timestamp":1598663012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1095\/biolreprod.114.122887"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod.114.122887","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3363","1529-7268"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3363","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-7268","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]}}}