{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:05:56Z","timestamp":1790651156572,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]],"date-time":"2017-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":230,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Establishment of adequate levels of sialylation is crucial for sperm survival and function after insemination; however, the mechanism for the addition of the sperm sialome has not been identified. Here, we report evidence for several different mechanisms that contribute to the establishment of the mature sperm sialome. Directly quantifying the source of the nucleotide sugar CMP-beta-N-acetylneuraminic acid in epididymal fluid indicates that transsialylation occurs in the upper epididymis. Western blots for the low-molecular-mass sialoglycoprotein (around 20\u201350 kDa) in C57BL\/6 mice epididymal fluid reflect that additional sialome could be obtained by glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored sialoglycopeptide incorporation during epididymal transit in the caput of the epididymis. Additionally, we found that in Cmah (CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase)\u2212\/\u2212 transgenic mice, epididymal sperm obtained sialylated-CD52 from seminal vesicle fluid (SVF). Finally, we used Gfp (green fluorescent protein)+\/+ mouse sperm to test the role of sialylation on sperm for protection from female leukocyte attack. There is very low phagocytosis of the epididymal sperm when compared to that of sperm coincubated with SVF. Treating sperm with Arthrobacter ureafaciens sialidase (AUS) increased phagocytosis even further. Our results highlight the different mechanisms of increasing sialylation, which lead to the formation of the mature sperm sialome, as well as reveal the sialome's function in sperm survival within the female genital tract.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.115.137810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,14]],"date-time":"2016-04-14T01:39:17Z","timestamp":1460597957000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Sialylation Facilitates the Maturation of Mammalian Sperm and Affects Its Survival in Female Uterus1"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Xue","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biswa P.","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glycotechnology Core Resource, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianhong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Gagneux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glycobiology Research and Training Center and Departments of Cellular, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University - The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"2019081507550180800_CIT0001","volume-title":"Essentials of Glycobiology","author":"Varki","year":"2009"},{"key":"2019081507550180800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/5.4.302","article-title":"The glycocalyx of the sperm surface","volume":"5","author":"Schroter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2019081507550180800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2318(08)60109-2","article-title":"Chemistry, metabolism, and biological functions of sialic acids","volume":"40","author":"Schauer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem"},{"key":"2019081507550180800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3333","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-11-187302","article-title":"Molecular mimicry of host sialylated glycans allows a bacterial pathogen to engage neutrophil Siglec-9 and dampen the innate immune response","volume":"113","author":"Carlin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2019081507550180800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-008-9183-z","article-title":"Multiple changes in sialic acid biology during human evolution","volume":"26","author":"Varki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Glycoconj J"},{"key":"2019081507550180800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1021\/cb900266r","article-title":"Advances in the biology and chemistry of sialic acids","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACS Chem Biol"},{"key":"2019081507550180800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwu023","article-title":"Polysialylation of NCAM correlates with onset and termination of seasonal spermatogenesis in roe deer","volume":"24","author":"H\u00e4nsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"2019081507550180800_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0123960","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123960","article-title":"Polysialylation of NCAM characterizes the proliferation period of contractile elements during postnatal development of the epididymis","volume":"10","author":"Simon","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019081507550180800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18825","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.451112","article-title":"Polysialic acid is present in mammalian semen as a post-translational modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM and the polysialyltransferase ST8SiaII","volume":"288","author":"Simon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019081507550180800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17743","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1102302108","article-title":"Secrest Taylor RE, Varki A, Gagneux P. 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