{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:16:00Z","timestamp":1789755360227,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.116.139345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,5]],"date-time":"2016-05-05T04:58:00Z","timestamp":1462424280000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Has Anti-Inflammatory Effects at the Maternal-Fetal Interface and Prevents Endotoxin-Induced Preterm Birth, but Causes Dystocia and Fetal Compromise in Mice1"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Amy-Eunice","family":"Furcron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara N.","family":"Mial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amapola","family":"Balancio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Panaitescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia S.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aashna","family":"Sahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Nord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nardhy","family":"Gomez-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-70-2-421","article-title":"The presence of gonadotropin receptors in nonpregnant human uterus, human placenta, fetal membranes, and decidua","volume":"70","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R02","first-page":"651","article-title":"The expression of human chorionic gonadotropin\/luteinizing hormone receptors in human endometrial and myometrial blood vessels","volume":"75","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"(suppl 1)","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R03","first-page":"S60","article-title":"Review: hCGs: different sources of production, different glycoforms and functions","volume":"36","year":"2015","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/300419a0","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit is encoded by at least eight genes arranged in tandem and inverted pairs","volume":"300","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.60.1.461","article-title":"The luteinizing hormone receptor","volume":"60","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-4811-5_17","article-title":"The role of trophoblast differentiation in the control of the hCG and hPL genes","volume":"176","year":"1984","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R07","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4004(97)80056-2","article-title":"Secretion of chorionic gonadotropin from human trophoblasts","volume":"18","year":"1997","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R08","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(02)00135-1","article-title":"Trophoblast origin of hCG isoforms: cytotrophoblasts are the primary source of choriocarcinoma-like hCG","volume":"194","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R09","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2006.01.019","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin expression in human trophoblasts from early placenta: comparative study between villous and extravillous trophoblastic cells","volume":"28","year":"2007","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3409","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021966","article-title":"Rao ChV. Human cervix contains functional luteinizing hormone\/human chorionic gonadotropin receptors","volume":"88","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3479","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1962","article-title":"Tyson-Capper Nee Pollard AJ, Bailey J, Robson SC, Europe-Finner GN. Regulation of expression of the chorionic gonadotropin\/luteinizing hormone receptor gene in the human myometrium: involvement of specificity protein-1 (Sp1), Sp3, Sp4, Sp-like proteins, and histone deacetylases","volume":"90","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3014","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.133.6.8243330","article-title":"Novel self-regulation of human chorionic gonadotropin biosynthesis in term pregnancy human placenta","volume":"133","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R13","first-page":"1283","article-title":"Expression of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)\/luteinizing hormone receptors and regulation of the cyclooxygenase-1 gene by exogenous hCG in human fetal membranes","volume":"81","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R14","first-page":"1096","article-title":"Endocrinology of the trophoblast tissue","year":"2001"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R13","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(95)03565-O","article-title":"Lymphocytes from pregnant women express human chorionic gonadotropin\/luteinizing hormone receptor gene","volume":"111","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2003.00013.x","article-title":"Rao ChV, Lei ZM. Macrophages in human reproductive tissues contain luteinizing hormone\/chorionic gonadotropin receptors","volume":"49","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2004.07.001","article-title":"Expression of variant luteinizing hormone\/chorionic gonadotropin receptors and degradation of chorionic gonadotropin in human chorionic villous macrophages","volume":"26","year":"2005","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-13906","article-title":"An overview of the past, present, and future of nongonadal LH\/hCG actions in reproductive biology and medicine","volume":"19","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019436","article-title":"The benefits of mid-luteal addition of human chorionic gonadotrophin in in-vitro fertilization using a down-regulation protocol and luteal support with progesterone","volume":"11","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5290","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020642","article-title":"Characterization of human chorionic gonadotropin as a novel angiogenic factor","volume":"87","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-5885fje","article-title":"Angiogenic activity of human chorionic gonadotropin through LH receptor activation on endothelial and epithelial cells of the endometrium","volume":"20","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.132.3.7679981","article-title":"Novel role of human chorionic gonadotropin in differentiation of human cytotrophoblasts","volume":"132","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5011","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0286","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin produced by the invasive trophoblast but not the villous trophoblast promotes cell invasion and is down-regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma","volume":"148","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.5.2305","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin contributes to maternal immunotolerance and endometrial apoptosis by regulating Fas-Fas ligand system","volume":"171","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535428","article-title":". Regulatory T cells induce a privileged tolerant microenvironment at the fetal-maternal interface","volume":"36","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5488","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803177","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin attracts regulatory T cells into the fetal-maternal interface during early human pregnancy","volume":"182","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2009.11.008","article-title":"Geenen V, Perrier d'Hauterive S. Human chorionic gonadotropin: a hormone with immunological and angiogenic properties","volume":"85","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202698","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin as a central regulator of pregnancy immune tolerance","volume":"190","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2772","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.135.6.7988470","article-title":"Novel regulation of pregnant human myometrial smooth muscle cell gap junctions by human chorionic gonadotropin","volume":"135","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R30","first-page":"1582","article-title":"Direct regulation of human myometrial contractions by human chorionic gonadotropin","volume":"79","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R31","first-page":"907","article-title":"Human myometrial chorionic gonadotropin\/luteinizing hormone receptors in preterm and term deliveries","volume":"79","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R32","first-page":"704","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotrophin inhibition of pregnant human myometrial contractility","volume":"108","year":"2001","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4310","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030221","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotrophin relaxation of human pregnant myometrium and activation of the BKCa channel","volume":"88","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsgi.2005.09.002","article-title":"Regulation of phosphodiesterase 5 expression and activity in human pregnant and non-pregnant myometrial cells by human chorionic gonadotropin","volume":"12","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Soc Gynecol Investig"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050600921315","article-title":"Rao ChV. HCG\u2014a new kid on the block in prematurity prevention","volume":"19","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1037","article-title":"Regulatory T cells mediate maternal tolerance to the fetus","volume":"5","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63884-9","article-title":"Unique appearance of proliferating antigen-presenting cells expressing DC-SIGN (CD209) in the decidua of early human pregnancy","volume":"162","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1102566","article-title":"Predominance of Th2-promoting dendritic cells in early human pregnancy decidua","volume":"74","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.022640","article-title":"Alba Soto CD, Tometten M, Klapp BF, Margni RA, Arck PC. Lineage, maturity, and phenotype of uterine murine dendritic cells throughout gestation indicate a protective role in maintaining pregnancy","volume":"70","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28214","article-title":"Constraints in antigen presentation severely restrict T cell recognition of the allogeneic fetus","volume":"117","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2008.02918.x","article-title":"Dendritic cells: a family portrait at mid-gestation","volume":"126","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.113.110791","article-title":"Regulatory B10 cells restore pregnancy tolerance in a mouse model","volume":"89","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12157","article-title":"Cutting edge: IL-10-producing regulatory B cells in early human pregnancy","volume":"70","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R44","first-page":"6","article-title":"B-1a B cells regulate T cell differentiation associated with pregnancy disturbances","volume":"5","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(84)90262-4","article-title":"Macrophages in murine uterus are immunosuppressive","volume":"85","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3671","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100130","article-title":"Macrophages at the fetal-maternal interface express markers of alternative activation and are induced by M-CSF and IL-10","volume":"187","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401536","article-title":"The human fetal placenta promotes tolerance against the semiallogeneic fetus by inducing regulatory T cells and homeostatic M2 macrophages","volume":"194","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0407258","article-title":"Chorionic gonadotropin induces dendritic cells to express a tolerogenic phenotype","volume":"83","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R49","article-title":"Why are we waiting to start large scale clinical testing of human chorionic gonadotropin for the treatment of preterm births?","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(76)90518-4","article-title":"Serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels throughout normal pregnancy","volume":"126","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510601187765","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadatropin (hCG) during third trimester pregnancy","volume":"67","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2012.33","article-title":"Term and preterm labor: decreased suppressive activity and changes in composition of the regulatory T-cell pool","volume":"90","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.074294","article-title":"Resistance to lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm delivery mediated by regulatory T cell function in mice","volume":"80","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R54","article-title":"An imbalance between innate and adaptive immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface occurs prior to endotoxin-induced preterm birth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol (in press)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1251816","article-title":"Preterm labor: one syndrome, many causes","volume":"345","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2014.46","article-title":"Immune cells in term and preterm labor","volume":"11","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4","article-title":"Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth","volume":"371","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61698-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2000\u201313, with projections to inform post-2015 priorities: an updated systematic analysis","volume":"385","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R59","article-title":"Societal costs of preterm birth","volume-title":"Preterm birth: causes, consequences, and prevention","author":"Institute of Medicine Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes","year":"2007"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501962","article-title":"Invariant NKT cell activation induces late preterm birth that is attenuated by rosiglitazone","volume":"196","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R61","article-title":"Isolation of leukocytes from the murine tissues at the maternal-fetal interface","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1209796","article-title":"Invasion of the leukocytes into the fetal-maternal interface during pregnancy","volume":"88","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032712-100003","article-title":"Immunology of the maternal-fetal interface","volume":"31","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502055","article-title":"An M1-like macrophage polarization in decidual tissue during spontaneous preterm labor that is attenuated by rosiglitazone treatment","volume":"196","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R65","first-page":"28","article-title":"Effect of HCG on plasma levels of estrogens and progesterone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): stimulation of sex steroid production in Rhesus monkeys","volume":"19","year":"1974","journal-title":"Int J Fertil"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(92)90148-C","article-title":"Regulation of progesterone secretion in human syncytiotrophoblast in culture by human chorionic gonadotropin","volume":"42","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.04.031","article-title":"Medical management of canine and feline dystocia","volume":"70","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(87)90150-5","article-title":"The clinical significance of Doppler umbilical artery velocimetry in the small for gestational age fetus","volume":"156","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R69","first-page":"65","article-title":"Fetal heart rate patterns: monitoring, interpretation, and management. Number 207\u2013July 1995 (replaces No. 132, September 1989)","volume":"51","author":"ACOG technical bulletin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5317","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.9.5317","article-title":"Thymus and autoimmunity: production of CD25+CD4+ naturally anergic and suppressive T cells as a key function of the thymus in maintaining immunologic self-tolerance","volume":"162","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1079490","article-title":"Control of regulatory T cell development by the transcription factor Foxp3","volume":"299","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/ni904","article-title":"Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells","volume":"4","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/ni909","article-title":"An essential role for Scurfin in CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells","volume":"4","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1178","article-title":"Naturally arising Foxp3-expressing CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells in immunological tolerance to self and non-self","volume":"6","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI19441","article-title":"Induction of FoxP3 and acquisition of T regulatory activity by stimulated human CD4+CD25\u2212 T cells","volume":"112","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2009.08.003","article-title":"Activating T regulatory cells for tolerance in early pregnancy\u2014the contribution of seminal fluid","volume":"83","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.074658","article-title":"Seminal fluid drives expansion of the CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cell pool and induces tolerance to paternal alloantigens in mice","volume":"80","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.005","article-title":"Paternal antigen-specific proliferating regulatory T cells are increased in uterine-draining lymph nodes just before implantation and in pregnant uterus just after implantation by seminal plasma-priming in allogeneic mouse pregnancy","volume":"108","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11462","article-title":"Pregnancy imprints regulatory memory that sustains anergy to fetal antigen","volume":"490","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R80","first-page":"706","article-title":"The isolation of progesterone from human placentae","volume":"115","year":"1952","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R81","first-page":"846","article-title":"Vaginal progesterone, but not 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate, has antiinflammatory effects at the murine maternal-fetal interface","volume":">213","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6166","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.12.6166","article-title":"M-1\/M-2 macrophages and the Th1\/Th2 paradigm","volume":"164","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/nri978","article-title":"Alternative activation of macrophages","volume":"3","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4133","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity and polarization in tissue repair and remodelling","volume":"229","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1937","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity and interaction with lymphocyte subsets: cancer as a paradigm","volume":"11","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.11.013","article-title":"Orchestration of metabolism by macrophages","volume":"15","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.1.229","article-title":"Leukocytes infiltrate the myometrium during human parturition: further evidence that labour is an inflammatory process","volume":"14","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod61.4.879","article-title":"Macrophage trafficking in the uterus and cervix precedes parturition in the mouse","volume":"61","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gag001","article-title":"Leukocyte density and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in human fetal membranes, decidua, cervix and myometrium before and during labour at term","volume":"9","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.04.024","article-title":"Complement activation triggers metalloproteinases release inducing cervical remodeling and preterm birth in mice","volume":"179","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.095505","article-title":"Macrophages infiltrate the human and rat decidua during term and preterm labor: evidence that decidual inflammation precedes labor","volume":"86","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R92","first-page":"106","article-title":"Residency and activation of myeloid cells during remodeling of the prepartum murine cervix","volume":"87","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12012","article-title":"Infiltration of myeloid cells into decidua is a critical early event in the labour cascade and post-partum uterine remodelling","volume":"17","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1420167","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotrophin: a chemoattractant for human blood monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes","volume":"142","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.2.395","article-title":"Induction of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in human ovary by human chorionic gonadotrophin","volume":"14","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0207092","article-title":"Chorionic gonadotropin can enhance innate immunity by stimulating macrophage function","volume":"82","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2904","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1900","article-title":"Marked increase in macrophage migration inhibitory factor synthesis and secretion in human endometrial cells in response to human chorionic gonadotropin hormone","volume":"90","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5199","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020341","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) activates monocytes to produce interleukin-8 via a different pathway from luteinizing hormone\/HCG receptor system","volume":"87","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0208126","article-title":"Chorionic gonadotropin alleviates thioglycollate-induced peritonitis by affecting macrophage function","volume":"86","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(80)90248-3","article-title":"Morphologic and histochemical evidence for the occurrence of collagenolysis and for the role of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes during cervical dilation","volume":"138","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90422-N","article-title":"Neutrophil attractant\/activating peptide-1\/interleukin-8 in term and preterm parturition","volume":"165","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R102","first-page":"404","article-title":"Inflammatory mediators regulate interleukin-8 production by cultured gestational tissues: evidence for a cytokine network at the chorio-decidual interface","volume":"76","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(00)99072-0","article-title":"Human neutrophil collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase 8) in parturition, premature rupture of the membranes, and intrauterine infection","volume":"183","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/jmf.12.4.237.246","article-title":"Neutrophil elastase and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in prelabor rupture of membranes, parturition and intra-amniotic infection","volume":"12","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024626128286","article-title":"Reproductive hormones in the regulation of apoptosis of neutrophils","volume":"68","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-009-0477-3","article-title":"Role of cyclooxygenase in the chorionic gonadotropin regulation of human neutrophil activity","volume":"147","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bull Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0769-y","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin is an immune modulator and can prevent autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice","volume":"50","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R108","first-page":"235","article-title":"Specific inflammatory microenvironments in the zones of the fetal membranes at term delivery","volume":"205","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12074","article-title":"Evidence for a role for the adaptive immune response in human term parturition","volume":"69","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2009.00771.x","article-title":"Circulating and decidual Th17 cell levels in healthy pregnancy","volume":"63","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00893.x","article-title":"IL-17 increased in the third trimester in healthy women with term labor","volume":"65","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2009.09.005","article-title":"A role for IL-17 in induction of an inflammation at the fetomaternal interface in preterm labour","volume":"84","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1261","article-title":"A distinct lineage of CD4 T cells regulates tissue inflammation by producing interleukin 17","volume":"6","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041257","article-title":"IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation","volume":"201","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1254","article-title":"Interleukin 17-producing CD4+ effector T cells develop via a lineage distinct from the T helper type 1 and 2 lineages","volume":"6","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04753","article-title":"Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells","volume":"441","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04754","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta induces development of the T(H)17 lineage","volume":"441","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05970","article-title":"IL-21 initiates an alternative pathway to induce proinflammatory T(H)17 cells","volume":"448","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1488","article-title":"Ivanov II, Spolski R, Min R, Shenderov K, Egawa T, Levy DE, Leonard WJ, Littman DR. IL-6 programs T(H)-17 cell differentiation by promoting sequential engagement of the IL-21 and IL-23 pathways","volume":"8","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30093","article-title":"Th17 cells, but not Th1 cells, from patients with early rheumatoid arthritis are potent inducers of matrix metalloproteinases and proinflammatory cytokines upon synovial fibroblast interaction, including autocrine interleukin-17A production","volume":"63","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.4.519","article-title":"Requirement of interleukin 17 receptor signaling for lung CXC chemokine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor expression, neutrophil recruitment, and host defense","volume":"194","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1710","article-title":"IL-22 mediates mucosal host defense against Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia","volume":"14","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132710","article-title":"IL-17 and Th17 cells","volume":"27","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"(suppl)","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R124","first-page":"S61","article-title":"Treatment of preterm labor with human chorionic gonadotropin: a new modality","volume":"95","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"(suppl A)","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R125","first-page":"S60","article-title":"Rao ChV, Nohira T, Toth P, Mansell JP, Isaka K, Nishi H, Takayama M, Than GN. Clinical applications of pregnancy-related proteins\u2014a workshop report","volume":"24","year":"2003","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70313-3","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin exhibits potent inhibition of preterm delivery in a small animal model","volume":"181","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R127","first-page":"783","article-title":"Rapid stimulation of human chorionic gonadotropin secretion by interleukin-1 beta from perifused first trimester trophoblast","volume":"75","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(97)00042-1","article-title":"The regulation of progesterone and hCG production from placental cells by interleukin-1beta","volume":"1336","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00243-X","article-title":"Interleukin-1beta and interleukin-1alpha may affect the implantation rate of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer","volume":"70","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0420067","article-title":"Pregnancy-terminating effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin in rats","volume":"42","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1159\/000298788","article-title":"The effect of a single dose of human chorionic gonadotropin at proestrus on embryonic mortality, fetal growth and gestation length in the rat","volume":"24","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200203000-00011","article-title":"Pharmacologic inhibition of preterm labor","volume":"45","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"(suppl 1)","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170224021722_R133","first-page":"74","article-title":"Adverse effects of tocolytic therapy","volume":"112","year":"2005","journal-title":"BJOG"}],"container-title":["Biology of Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,16]],"date-time":"2024-06-16T06:24:30Z","timestamp":1718519070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolreprod\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1095\/biolreprod.116.139345"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"references-count":133,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod.116.139345","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3363","1529-7268"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3363","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-7268","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]}}}