{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:18:36Z","timestamp":1791173916244,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]],"date-time":"1999-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":922924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Levamisole is commonly used to treat nematode parasite infections but therapy is limited by resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of resistance to this selective nicotinic drug. Levamisole receptor channel currents in muscle patches from levamisole\u2010sensitive and levamisole\u2010resistant isolates of the parasitic nematode\n                    <jats:italic>Oesophagostomum dentatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    were compared. The number of channels present in patches of sensitive and resistant isolates was similar at 10 \u00b5M levamisole, but at 30 \u00b5M and 100 \u00b5M the resistant isolate contained fewer active patches, suggesting desensitization. Mean\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>\n                    and open times were reduced in resistant isolates. The distribution of conductances of channels in the sensitive isolate revealed a heterogeneous receptor population and the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>G25, G35, G40<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>G45<\/jats:italic>\n                    subtypes. A\n                    <jats:italic>G35<\/jats:italic>\n                    subtype was missing in the resistant isolate. Resistance to levamisole was produced by changes in the averaged properties of the levamisole receptor population, with some receptors from sensitive and resistant isolates having indistinguishable characteristics.\u2014Robertson, A. P., Bjorn, H. E., Martin, R. J. Resistance to levamisole resolved at the single\u2010channel level.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    13, 749\u2013760 (1999)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.6.749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T07:54:12Z","timestamp":1516262052000},"page":"749-760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Resistance to levamisole resolved at the single\u2010channel level"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Alan P.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences R.(D.)S.V.S. 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