{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T07:30:12Z","timestamp":1790494212284,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]],"date-time":"2003-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1054425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1095,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was widely used to treat pregnant women through 1971. The reproductive tracts of their female offspring exposed to DES in\n                    <jats:italic>utero<\/jats:italic>\n                    are characterized by anatomic abnormalities. Here we show that DES administered to mice\n                    <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                    produces changes in the expression pattern of several Hox genes that are involved in patterning of the reproductive tract. DES produces posterior shifts in Hox gene expression and ho\u2010meotic anterior transformations of the reproductive tract. In human uterine or cervical cell cultures, DES induces HOXA9 or HOXA10 gene expression, respectively, to levels approximately twofold that induced by estradiol. The DES\u2010induced expression is not inhibited by cyclohexamide. Estrogens are novel morphogens that directly regulate the expression pattern of posterior Hox genes in a manner analogous to retinoic acid regulation of anterior Hox genes. Alterations in HOX gene expression are a molecular mechanism by which DES affects reproductive tract development. Changes in Hox gene expression are a potential marker for the effects of\n                    <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                    drug use that may become apparent only at late stages of development.\u2014Block, K., Kardana, A., Igarashi, P., Taylor, H. S.\n                    <jats:italic>In utero<\/jats:italic>\n                    diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure alters Hox gene expression in the developing mullerian system.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    14, 1101\u20131108 (2000)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.14.9.1101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T07:59:22Z","timestamp":1516262362000},"page":"1101-1108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":206,"title":["In utero diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure alters Hox gene expression in the developing mullerian system"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Karen","family":"Block","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Kardana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh S.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)32122-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197104222841604"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(92)90103-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-6238(93)90036-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-6238(89)90042-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod57.6.1338"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.9.2687"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod56.5.1097"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.5.1373","article-title":"Hoxa11 structure, extensive antisense transcription, and function in male and female infertility","volume":"121","author":"Hsieh Li H. M.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/374460a0","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic sterility phenotypes in Hoxa\u201010 deficient mice","volume":"374","author":"Satokata I.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature (London)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0297-179"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4781","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.23.4781","article-title":"Gene dosage\u2010dependent effects of the Hoxa\u201013 and Hoxd13 mutations on morphogenesis of the terminal parts of the digestive and urogenital tracts","volume":"124","author":"Warot X.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1597"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.3.1129"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"3988","article-title":"Long\u2010term effects of the female mouse genital tract associated with prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol","volume":"40","author":"McLachlan J.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","first-page":"1099","article-title":"Induction of urogenital anomalies and some tumors in the progeny of mice receiving diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy","volume":"37","author":"Nomura T.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(05)80072-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90290-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)45919-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/387191a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90659-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/370567a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9525(91)90423-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/360737a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.63.070194.002315"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90201-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7985022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410203311604"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.2.840"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/90.13.967"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(97)80066-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.10.10.1167"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.11.5998"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81717-1"}],"container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1096\/fasebj.14.9.1101","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1096\/fasebj.14.9.1101","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1096\/fasebj.14.9.1101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T22:32:43Z","timestamp":1761690763000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1096\/fasebj.14.9.1101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1096\/fasebj.14.9.1101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fasebj.14.9.1101","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0892-6638","1530-6860"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0892-6638","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-6860","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2000-01-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-01-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-06-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}