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C57BL\/6 female mice were treated with daily tamoxifen or control injections and implanted with bilateral silicone implants in the submammary glandular plane. Implants were removed <jats:italic>en bloc<\/jats:italic> after 2\u2009weeks and the implant capsules were evaluated histologically. Tamoxifen treatment decreased capsule thickness, decreased the number of \u03b1SMA+ cells (477\u2009\u00b1\u2009156 cells\/mm control vs 295\u2009\u00b1\u2009121 cells\/mm tamoxifen, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.005 unpaired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test), and decreased CD31+ cells (173.9\u00a0\u00b1\u200996.1 cells\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> control vs 106.3\u00a0\u00b1\u200951.8 cells\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> tamoxifen, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.043 unpaired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test). There were similar amounts of pro\u2010 and anti\u2010inflammatory macrophages (iNOS 336.1\u00a0\u00b1\u2009226.3 cells\/mm control vs 290.6\u00a0\u00b1\u2009104.2 cells\/mm tamoxifen, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u20090.999 Mann\u2013Whitney test and CD163 136.6\u00a0\u00b1\u200976.4 cells\/mm control vs 94.1\u00a0\u00b1\u200945.9 cells\/mm tamoxifen, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.108 unpaired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test). Tamoxifen treatment in the mouse silicone breast implant model decreased capsule formation through modulation of myofibroblasts, neovascularization, and collagen deposition. Tamoxifen may be useful for reducing or preventing capsule formation in clinical breast implantations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fba.2022-00036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T06:04:12Z","timestamp":1654927452000},"page":"638-647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Tamoxifen reduces silicone implant capsule formation in a mouse model"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8346-629X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Blum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel J. 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