{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:34:01Z","timestamp":1791588841296,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["FASEB BioAdvances"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bile acids regulate gastrointestinal motility by mechanisms that are poorly understood. Standard isolated tissue bath assays might not recapitulate in\u00a0vivo physiology if contractile responses to certain bile acids require direct application to the intestinal mucosa. We sought to determine the feasibility of quantifying longitudinal smooth muscle contractile responses to bile acids from intact segments of everted mouse ileum. Ileum from adult female C57BL\/6J mice was isolated, gently everted over a notched metal rod, and mounted in tissue baths. Individual bile acids and agonists of bile acid receptors were added to the baths, and longitudinal smooth muscle contractile responses were quantified by isometric force transduction. Ursodeoxycholic acid robustly increased contractile responses in a dose\u2010dependent manner. Deoxycholic acid stimulated contractility at low doses but inhibited contractility at high doses. Chenodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, and lithocholic acid did not alter contractility. The dose\u2010dependent increase in contractility resulting from the application of ursodeoxycholic acid was recapitulated by INT\u2010777, an agonist of the Takeda G protein\u2010coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), and by cevimeline, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. Agonists to the nuclear receptors farnesoid X receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, pregnane X receptor, vitamin D receptor, and to the plasma membrane epidermal growth factor receptor did not modify baseline contractile patterns. These results demonstrate that gentle eversion of intact mouse ileum facilitates the quantification of longitudinal smooth muscle contractile responses to individual bile acids. Prokinetic effects of ursodeoxycholic acid and low\u2010dose deoxycholic acid are replicated by agonists to TGR5 and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fba.2024-00044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T02:00:05Z","timestamp":1718676005000},"page":"200-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bile acids differentially regulate longitudinal smooth muscle contractility in everted mouse ileum"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Peace N.","family":"Dike","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnakant G.","family":"Soni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana S.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2206-6452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffrey A.","family":"Preidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital  Houston Texas 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