{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T07:45:41Z","timestamp":1782459941054,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["FASEB BioAdvances"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Cigarette and hookah smoking remain prevalent worldwide, yet their comparative effects on oral microbiota and hematological parameters are not fully understood. This cross\u2010sectional study investigated these impacts among 87 healthy males (18\u201340\u2009years) in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, divided into cigarette smokers, hookah smokers, and non\u2010smokers (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200929 each). Oral rinses were analyzed for microbial load and species distribution using selective media and standard identification techniques, while venous blood samples were evaluated for complete blood counts using an automated analyzer. Cigarette smokers exhibited the highest oral bacterial load (5.96\u2009\u00b1\u20090.19 log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    CFU\/mL) compared with non\u2010smokers (3.70\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), followed by hookah smokers. Colonization by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and Gram\u2010positive cocci (Staphylococcaceae, Streptococcaceae) was more frequent in smokers. Both smoking methods significantly increased RBC count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Mean corpuscular volume increased significantly only in cigarette smokers, whereas red cell distribution width and mean platelet volume were significantly higher in hookah smokers (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Exploratory correlation analysis revealed strong positive associations between oral bacterial load and erythrocyte\u2010related parameters (RBC, HGB, HCT;\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.91\u20130.94), while weak correlations were observed with inflammatory and platelet indices (WBC, RDW, MPV). These findings indicate that cigarette and hookah smoking disrupt oral microbial balance and alter hematological parameters, with distinct patterns between smoking types. The observed correlations likely reflect parallel systemic effects of smoking\u2010related toxicants rather than a direct causal link between oral dysbiosis and erythropoiesis. Overall, the results reinforce that hookah smoking is not a safer alternative to cigarette use and highlight the need for targeted public health interventions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fba.2025-00296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T07:32:17Z","timestamp":1780903937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Effects of Cigarette and Hookah Smoking on Oral Microbiota Composition and Blood Indices in Young Adult Males"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Fayez","family":"Alghofaili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Majmaah University  Majmaah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemin Mohamad","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science University of Sulaimani  Sulaymaniyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hastyar Hama Rashid","family":"Najmuldeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science University of Sulaimani  Sulaymaniyah Iraq"},{"name":"College of Health Sciences Cihan University Sulaimaniya  Sulaymaniyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soma Yasin","family":"Tahsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Majmaah University  Majmaah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asia Hamasaeed","family":"Muhamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Majmaah University  Majmaah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ara Jabbar","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science Komar University of Science and Technology  Sulaymaniyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kashan Faraidun","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science Komar University of Science and Technology  Sulaymaniyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aryan Omer","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science Komar University of Science and Technology  Sulaymaniyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ala Salam","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science Komar University of Science and Technology  Sulaymaniyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Tobacco","author":"World Health 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