{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T16:01:45Z","timestamp":1784995305948,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["FASEB BioAdvances"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Simulated microgravity (SMG or \u03bcG) influences\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    growth and modifies the cellular structure and function of the host cells. As an obligate intracellular parasite,\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    depends on the metabolic activity and mitochondrial function of its host. However, the impact of SMG on host\u2013pathogen interactions remains unclear. We investigated the effect of SMG on host cell structure and mitochondrial functions and its impact on\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Cultured human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) and Vero cells under SMG formed stratified cell layers and exhibited morphological mitochondrial abnormalities, such as outer membrane distortion and inner membrane distension. Functional analyses revealed altered mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ATP levels without substantial changes in reactive oxygen species. Upon infection,\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed cell\u2010type\u2010dependent growth, increasing in Vero cells but decreasing in HFF at 48\u2009h post\u2010infection. These findings indicate that SMG\u2010induced mitochondrial remodeling is associated with altered host cell susceptibility to toxoplasmosis. Our study highlights the role of physical environmental changes in modulating host\u2013pathogen interactions in the context of host cell mitochondrial function.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fba.2026-00146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T08:42:12Z","timestamp":1784623332000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Simulated Microgravity Reprograms Host Cell Architecture and Mitochondrial Function, Altering\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    Growth"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Musfika Tasnim","family":"Shirin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University  Osaki Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University  Osaki Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Kondoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine  Obihiro Hokkaido Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Bochimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Aerospace Medicine The Jikei University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9564-5095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kentaro","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University  Osaki Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00294"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"S.Hoffmann \u201cUpdating Economic Burden of Foodborne Diseases Estimates for Inflation and Income Growth \u201d2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2020.101595"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0290769","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Patients With Toxoplasmosis and Its Associated Risk Factors in Taiwan During the 2007\u20132020 Period","volume":"18","author":"Yu C.\u2010P.","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans: Second Edition","author":"Webster J. 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