{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:05:16Z","timestamp":1790247916489,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["FASEB BioAdvances"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Blue light is becoming increasingly prevalent in our daily lives. However, the possible deleterious effects of blue light exposure on the skin have been largely overlooked. We have previously shown that blue light has the ability to induce mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and dysfunction in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFn). However, whether blue light is able to induce senescence in skin has yet to be investigated. Cellular senescence is a key part of the aging process and is heavily associated with an aging phenotype. Our study involved exposing HDFn to varying doses of blue light before assessing the expression of known senescence markers using both immunofluorescence and gene expression qPCR. We also assessed beta\u2010galactosidase activity using a senescence\u2010associated beta\u2010galactosidase (SA \u03b2\u2010gal) staining kit. Blue light induces increased \u03b3H2AX expression (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u2264\u20090.0001), indicating its ability to induce DNA double\u2010strand breaks. P21, a known marker of senescence, is increased in response to blue light, as seen in both immunofluorescence and gene expression, where a 15\u2010fold increase is reported in cells exposed to 50\u2009J\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    blue light (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u2264\u20090.001). Importantly, NF\u03baB also displayed a dose\u2010dependent increase in expression following blue light exposure, with 25\u2009J\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u2264\u20090.0001) and 50\u2009J\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u2264\u20090.0001) inducing maximal nuclear translocation. SA \u03b2\u2010gal activity also increased in response to blue light, with 25\u2009J\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    being the minimum dose required to induce statistical significance (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u2264\u20090.01) when compared to a non\u2010irradiated control group. Taken together, we demonstrate that blue light may have the ability to induce not only mtDNA damage but also nuclear DNA (nDNA) damage. This, combined with the increased expression of senescent markers and SA\u2010\u03b2\u2010gal activity, suggests that blue light could induce cellular senescence while also eliciting the bystander effect in neighboring cells due to increased NF\u03baB nuclear translocation and associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These findings emphasize the need for further research into the potential deleterious effects of senescence in skin and for future interventions to attenuate these effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fba.2026-00200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:15:50Z","timestamp":1790093750000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Blue Light Exposure Induces Changes Associated With Senescence and Skin Aging in Human Dermal Fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3464-6332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"McNish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatological Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8534-9184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mruthyunjaya Swamy","family":"Mathapathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever R&amp;D  Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2089-5967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Figlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever Bioscience Innovation Hub, King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9108-9746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Damodaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever R&amp;D  Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2668-2623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Birch\u2010Machin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatological Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12736"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12422"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"305","article-title":"Direct and Indirect Effects of Blue Light Exposure on Skin: A Review of Published Literature","volume":"35","author":"Suitthimeathegorn O.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacology and 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