{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T08:21:42Z","timestamp":1787732502347,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["FASEB BioAdvances"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The COVID19 pandemic, caused by the betacoronavirus SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, now ranks among the world's deadliest plagues, and certainly one of the most significant public health crises in the last 100\u2009years. Despite more than 6\u2009years of investigating the pandemic, it has been difficult to assess the origin of the disease in the City of Wuhan, China. The Wuhan Municipal Public Security Bureau regretfully suppressed information exchanges between physicians early in the Wuhan outbreak, which interfered with the contact tracing necessary for epidemiological investigations. The scientific community and government agencies throughout the world have been divided in their assessments of the pandemic's origin in Wuhan China. In the 2021 intelligence assessment released by the U.S. Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), only the FBI assessed the possibility of a laboratory origin. By 2023 the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) revised its assessment to acknowledge a lab origin was likely, and in 2025 the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) acknowledged a similar view. There has been political polarization of views, condescension and accusations of conspiracies among scientists. The COVID19 pandemic is prompting policy changes to research guidelines and recommendations for research restrictions based upon the assessment that pandemic may have resulted from laboratory research. While some express this as politically motivated, as we approach the seventh year of the COVID19 pandemic, more evidence has emerged that supports the research origin theory and scant evidence supporting a zoonotic emergence. It is imperative that our policy makers understand the facts when considering legislation and policies that could affect infectious disease research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fba.2026-00227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:41:24Z","timestamp":1786038084000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing the Origin of the\n                    <scp>COVID19<\/scp>\n                    Pandemic Is Still Important"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0987-863X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason D.","family":"Bannan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fairfax Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","volume-title":"History's Seven Deadliest Plagues","author":"Prabhu M.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11673\u2010020\u201009990\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","unstructured":"Office of the Director of National Intelligence \u201cUpdated Assessment on Covid\u201019 Origins \u201d(2021) Declassified\u2010Assessment\u2010on\u2010COVID\u201019\u2010Origins.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","unstructured":"Office of the Director of National Intelligence \u201cReport on Potential Links Between the Wuhan Institute of Virology and the Origins of Covid\u201019 \u201d(2023) https:\/\/www.dni.gov\/files\/ODNI\/documents\/assessments\/Report\u2010on\u2010Potential\u2010Links\u2010Between\u2010the\u2010Wuhan\u2010Institute\u2010of\u2010Virology\u2010and\u2010the\u2010Origins\u2010of\u2010COVID\u201019\u201020230623.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","volume-title":"CIA Now Says Covid\u201019 is More Likely to Have Originated From a Lab Leak","author":"Paun C.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","volume-title":"Proposed Biosecurity Oversight Framework for the Future of Science","author":"A Report of the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","volume-title":"Implementation Update: Terminating or Suspending Dangerous Gain\u2010Of\u2010Function Research in Accordance With the Executive Order on Improving the Safety and Security of Biological Research","author":"National Institutes of Health","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809633-8.21501-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01755\u201015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aivir.2018.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579\u2010018\u20100118\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000129184.87042"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211721"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14630-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1006.030852"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1112.041293"},{"issue":"41","key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","first-page":"986","article-title":"Prevalence of IgG Antibody to SARS\u2010Associated Coronavirus in Animal Traders\u2014Guangdong Province, China, 2003","volume":"52","author":"Yu D.","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.39.20285\u2010en"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(13)70164\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","volume-title":"MERS Situation Update","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250\u2010018\u20100012\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201031860\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201091470\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veac046"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07901-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010019\u20106776\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201025120\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099419"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.581569"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics of China \u201cCommuniqu\u00e9 of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3) \u201d(2021) https:\/\/www.stats.gov.cn\/english\/PressRelease\/202105\/t20210510_1817188.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27580"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00004\u201008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409608102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(13)61887\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579\u2010023\u201000878\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006698"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","unstructured":"L. P.Zeng \u201cReverse Genetic System of Bat SARS\u2010Like Coronaviruses and Function of ORFX A Dissertation Submitted to The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Institute of Virology CAS April \u201d2017 https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1uZrBG5A720aLGtVI4kPp6nJM7FuuolwO\/edit."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.03079\u201015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","unstructured":"P.Daszak \u201cResearch Performance Progress Report Grant Number 5R01AI110964\u201005 Submitted to NIH by the EcoHealth Alliance \u201d2021 https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/institutes\/foia\/20211020\u2010risk\u2010of\u2010bat\u2010emergence.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","unstructured":"\u201cHearing Before the Committee on Oversight and Accountability Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic: Transcript of Interview of Ralph S. Baric PhD \u201d(2024) https:\/\/oversight.house.gov\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Baric\u2010TI\u2010Transcript.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","article-title":"Scientist Claims \u2018Smoking Gun\u2019 Evidence COVID\u201019 Intentionally Created by Researchers in Chinese Lab","author":"Reyes R.","year":"2024","journal-title":"New York Post"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","unstructured":"E.Kopp \u201cState Department Cables: Wuhan Institute of Virology Conducted Classified Research \u201dUS Right to Know (2023) accessed June 14 State Dept. Cables: Wuhan Institute of Virology Did Classified Research."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","unstructured":"P.Yu \u201cGeographic Evolution of Bat Sars\u2010Related Coronaviruses \u201dA Thesis Submitted to University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Institute of Virology 2019 June 2019 https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/15U2uE7Eru0QxRbf8QVRPRMpssCoYhGvT\/edit."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010020\u20102951\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","unstructured":"Eco Health Alliance et\u00a0al. \u201cProject Defuse: Defusing the Threat of Bat\u2010Borne Coronaviruses \u201d(2018) A Proposal Submitted to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency VA https:\/\/s3.documentcloud.org\/documents\/21066966\/defuse\u2010proposal.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab327"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","unstructured":"Hearing Before the Committee on Oversight and Accountability Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic \u201cTranscript of Interview of Peter Daszak President of EcoHealth Alliance \u201d(2024) 118th Congress Washington DC https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/event\/118th\u2010congress\/house\u2010event\/LC72709\/text."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services \u201cA Framework for Guiding Funding Decisions About Proposed Research Involving Enhanced Potential Pandemic Pathogens \u201d(2017) HHS Washington DC https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/GOVPUB\u2010HE\u2010PURL\u2010gpo153971\/pdf\/GOVPUB\u2010HE\u2010PURL\u2010gpo153971.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","volume-title":"United States Government Policy for Oversight of Dual Use Research of Concern and Pathogens With Enhanced Pandemic Potential","author":"Executive Office of the President of the United States","year":"2024"},{"issue":"88","key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","first-page":"19611","article-title":"Executive Order 14292: Improving the Safety and Security of Biological Research","volume":"90","author":"Executive Office of the President of the United States","year":"2025","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","unstructured":"Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response U.S. Department of Health and Human Services \u201cReport of the Federal Experts Security Advisory Panel \u201d(2014) https:\/\/aspr.hhs.gov\/AboutASPR\/WorkingwithASPR\/BoardsandCommittees\/Documents\/FESAP\/fesap.pdfer."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","unstructured":"Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response U.S. Department of Health and Human Services \u201cImplementation of Recommendations of the Federal Experts Security Advisory Panel (FESAP) and the Fast Track Action Committee on Select Agent Regulations (FTAC\u2010SAR) \u201d(2014) https:\/\/aspr.hhs.gov\/AboutASPR\/WorkingwithASPR\/BoardsandCommittees\/Documents\/FESAP\/fesap.pdf."}],"container-title":["FASEB BioAdvances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1096\/fba.2026-00227","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1096\/fba.2026-00227","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1096\/fba.2026-00227","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T08:00:13Z","timestamp":1787731213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1096\/fba.2026-00227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1096\/fba.2026-00227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fba.2026-00227","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-9832","2573-9832"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-9832","type":"print"},{"value":"2573-9832","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70141"}}