{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:51:25Z","timestamp":1790797885685,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]],"date-time":"2001-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":988675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004462","name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004462","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Oxidative stress has been suggested as a potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of lung inflammation. The pharmacological profile of\n                    <jats:italic>n\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                    acetylcysteine (NAC), a free radical scavenger, was evaluated in an experimental model of lung injury (carrageenan\u2010induced pleurisy). Injection of carrageenan into the pleural cavity of rats elicited an acute inflammatory response characterized by fluid accumulation in the pleural cavitythat contained manyneutrophils (PMNs), an infiltration of PMNs in lung tissues and subsequent lipid peroxidation, and increased production of nitrite\/nitrate, tumor necrosis factor\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and interleukin 1\u03b2. All parameters of inflammation were attenuated by NAC treatment. Furthermore, carrageenan induced an up\u2010regulation of the adhesion molecules ICAM\u20101 and P\u2010selectin, as well as nitrotyrosine and poly (ADP\u2010ribose) synthetase (PARS), as determined by immuno\u2010histochemical analysis of lung tissues. The degree of staining for the ICAM\u20101, P\u2010selectin, nitrotyrosine, and PARS was reduced by NAC. In vivo NAC treatment significantly reduced peroxynitrite formation as measured by the oxidation of the fluorescent dihydrorho\u2010damine\u2010123, prevented the appearance of DNA damage, an decrease in mitochondrial respiration, and partially restored the cellular level of NAD+ in ex vivo macrophages harvested from the pleural cavity of rats subjected to carrageenan\u2010induced pleurisy. A significant alteration in the morphology of red blood cells was observed 24 h after carrageenan administration. NAC treatment has the ability to significantly diminish the red blood cell alteration. Our results clearly demonstrate that NAC treatment exerts a protective effect and clearly indicate that NAC offers a novel therapeutic approach for the management of lung injury where radicals have been postulated to play a role.\u2014Cuzzocrea, S., Mazzon, E., Dugo, L., Serraino, I., Ciccolo, A., Centorrino, T., De Sarro, A., Caputi, A. P. Protective effects of\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010acetylcysteine on lung injury and red blood cell modification induced by carrageenan in the rat.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 15, 1187\u20131200 (2001)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0526hyp","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T19:03:24Z","timestamp":1027710204000},"page":"1187-1200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Protective effects of\n                    <i>n<\/i>\n                    \u2010acetylcysteine on lung injury and red blood cell modification induced by carrageenan in the rat"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"SALVATORE","family":"CUZZOCREA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology University of Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"EMANUELA","family":"MAZZON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomorphology, School of Medicine University of Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LAURA","family":"DUGO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology University of Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"IVANA","family":"SERRAINO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology University of Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ANTONIO","family":"CICCOLO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General Surgery University of Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TOMMASO","family":"CENTORRINO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General Surgery University of Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ANGELA","family":"DE SARRO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology University of Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ACHILLE P.","family":"CAPUTI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology University of Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00914309"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.48.1.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00566679","article-title":"Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 contributes to pulmonary oxygen toxicity in mice: role of leukocytes revised","volume":"70","author":"Wegner C. 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