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Thus, the amount and availability of enzymes on the surface are thought to be maintained by secretion. In contrast to this paradigm, we show here that enzymes are retained at the apical surface of the airway epithelium by binding to surface\u2010associated hya\u2010luronan, providing an apical enzyme pool \u2018ready for use\u2019 and protected from ciliary clearance. We have studied lactoperoxidase, which prevents bacterial colonization of the airway, and kallikrein, which mediates allergic bronchoconstriction that limits the inhalation of noxious substances. Binding to hyaluronan inhibits kallikrein, which is needed only in certain situations, whereas lactoperoxidase, useful at all times, does not change its activity. Hyaluronan itself interacts with the receptor for hyaluronic acid\u2010mediated motility (RHAMM or CD168) that is expressed at the apex of ciliated airway epithelial cells. Functionally, hyaluronan binding to RHAMM stimulates ciliary beating. Thus, hyaluronan plays a previouslyunrecognized pivotal role in mucosal host defense by stimulating ciliaryclearance of foreign material while simultaneously retaining enzymes important for homeostasis at the apical surface so that they cannot be removed by ciliary action.\u2014Forteza, R., Lieb, T., Aoki, T., Savani, R. C., Conner, G. E., Salathe, M. Hyaluronan serves a novel role in airway mucosal host defense.\n                    <jats:italic>FASEB J.<\/jats:italic>\n                    15, 2179\u20132186 (2001)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.01-0036com","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T19:03:24Z","timestamp":1027710204000},"page":"2179-2186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Hyaluronan serves a novel role in airway mucosal host defense"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Forteza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Miami School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Miami School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Miami School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmin C.","family":"Savani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory E.","family":"Conner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Miami School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136 USA"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy University of Miami School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Salathe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Miami School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.2.680"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/145.4_Pt_1.900"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.22.6.3980"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.21.6.3651"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb\/8.1.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02388115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00249221"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"The distribution and function of peroxidases in the respiratory tract","volume":"3","author":"Christensen T. 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